Motor mechanisms of balance during quiet standing

Winter, David; Patla, Aftab E.; Ishac, Milad G.; Gage, William H.

doi:10.1016/s1050-6411(02)00085-8

Cited by 273 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These results were in agreement, at least, to our hypothesis. Force platform had been considered the goldstandard instrument for postural balance analysis, since it reveals direct neuromuscular and biomechanical mechanisms associated with postural control 17 . The velocity measure represents the magnitude of COP displacement over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The routines were compiled from our system through a stabilographic analysis. With the MATLAB (The Mathworks, Natick, MA), we extracted all of the COP parameters, with regard to procedure of previous studies [15][16][17][18][19] for computing of the 95% confidence ellipse sway area and for velocity compute equation. In brief, the total area of COP sway was calculated using a 95% confidence ellipse, which represents an area that encloses 95% of all COP positions data for a given trial 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Techniques such as kicks, jumps and quick changes in any directions trainee the sensory and motor systems of these athletes for new adaptations of postural control. Biomechanically speaking, balance is defined as the capacity of an individual to place his/her center of mass of the body, corresponding to the projection of his/her center of gravity, within his/her support base [5][6][7] . This process is complex and based on postural control from stimulus and responses derived of three systems: visual, vestibular, and somatosensory 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults

Rabello¹,

Macedo²,

Gil

et al. 2014

Fisioter. Pesqui.

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| This study aimed to compare the postural balance of professional tae kwon do athletes with a non-tae kwon do adult group. Nineteen participants (nine tae kwon do practitioners and ten non-tae kwon do practitioners) were tested. To measure the postural sway, a force platform was used and the equipment recorded the main parameters: area of center of pressure; mean frequency, and velocity of center of pressure for both anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were measured for all participants. Before starting the assessment, the subjects received instructions and performed familiarization with the equipment and protocol. Participants were instructed to carry out three balance tests on a single-leg stance position with eyes opened. Values obtained in the postural assessment of professional athletes with the force platform were lower for all parameters compared to non-practitioners, except the frequency of center of pressure in the mediolateral direction. However, a significant difference (p=0.021) between the groups was found only in the center of pressure velocity parameter in the anteroposterior direction. These results have any implications on sport rehabilitation programs for balance assessments in athletes.Keywords | Martial Arts; Postural Balance; Athletes.Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults RESUMO | Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o equilíbrio postural de atletas profissionais de tae kwon do com um grupo de adultos não praticantes do esporte. Dezenove participantes (nove praticantes profissionais de tae kwon do e dez não praticantes) foram testados. Para avaliar a oscilação postural, uma plataforma de força foi utilizada e o equipamento registrou os principais parâmetros: área do centro de pressão; frequência e velocidade do centro de pressão tanto para a direção anteroposterior, quanto para a médio-lateral. Essas medidas foram registradas para todos os participantes. Antes de iniciar a avaliação, os sujeitos receberam orientações e se familiarizaram com o equipamento e o protocolo. Também foram instruídos a realizar três testes de equilíbrio em apoio unipodal com os olhos abertos. Os valores obtidos na avaliação postural de atletas profissionais com o uso da plataforma de força foram inferiores para todos os parâmetros, quando comparados com aqueles dos não praticantes, com exceção da frequência do centro de pressão para a direção médio-lateral. No entanto, encontrou-se uma diferença significativa (p=0, 021) entre os grupos somente no parâmetro da velocidade anteroposterior do centro de pressão. Esses resultados apresentam implicações nos programas de reabilitação esportiva para avaliação do equilíbrio postural em atletas.Descritores | Artes Marciais; Equilíbrio Postural; Atletas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults

Rabello¹,

Macedo²,

Gil

et al. 2014

Fisioter. Pesqui.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Winter et al [15] demonstrated that the muscles controlling the sway motion along the medial/lateral direction apply a simple spring stiffness control that maintains balance. The motor mechanisms involved in human balance control have been studied and analyzed by Winter et al [16]. They developed a spring damping balance system the stiffness of which varies according to the oscillations of the inverted pendulum model.…”

Section: Strategies For Balance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive control strategy for postural stability using a wearable robot

Rajasekaran

Aranda

Casals

et al. 2015

Robotics and Autonomous Systems

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Wearable robots are expected to expand the use of robotics in rehabilitation since they can widen the assistance application context. An important aspect of a rehabilitation therapy, in terms of lower extremity assistance, is balance control. In this article, we propose and evaluate an adaptive control strategy for robotic rehabilitation therapies to guarantee static stability using a wearable robot. Postural balance control can be implemented either acting on the hip, on the ankle joint or on both, depending on the kind of perturbation acting on the subject: internal or external. Internal perturbations can be produced by any voluntary movement of the body, such as bending the trunk. External perturbations, in the form of an impact force, are applied by the exoskeleton without any prior notice to observe the proactive response of the subject. We have used a 6 degree of freedom planar lower limb exoskeleton, H1, to perform this analysis. The developed control strategy has been designed to provide the necessary assistance, related to balance recovery and postural stability, under the ‘‘Assist-as-needed’’ paradigm. The interaction forces\ud between orthosis and subject are monitored, as they play a relevant role in the definition of assistive and resistive movements to be applied to the joints. The proposed method has been tested with 5 healthy subjects in presence of internal and external disturbances. The results demonstrate that knowing the stability limit of each subject, in combination with a therapeutically selected scaling factor, the proposed\ud adaptive control helps in providing an effective assistance in therapy. This method is efficient in handling the individual and combined effect of external perturbations acting on any joint movements.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

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“…The biomechanical bases of postural stability have been characterized by a number of variables that are widely used to describe balance in the scientific literature (Winter, Patla, Ishac, & Gage, 2003). These variables have been studied in relation to the functional base of support (FBoS) which is defined as the maximum excursion of the centre of pressure (CoP) under the feet during a maximal sustained leaning task (King, Judge, & Wolfson, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increased anterior–posterior voluntary sway frequency on mechanical and perceived postural stability

Lorenzo

Vanrenterghem

2015

Human Movement Science

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Despite a substantial number of studies, the interaction between mechanical indicators of stability and perception of instability remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sway frequency and verbal restraint on mechanical and perceived postural stability. Fourteen participants underwent a series of standing voluntary anterior-posterior swaying trials at three frequencies (20, 40, and 60 bpm) and two levels of restraint (non restraint and verbally restraint to swaying at the ankle). Repeated measures ANOVA tests revealed greater mechanical stability defined though the margin of stability, and greater horizontal ground reaction forces, while the centre of pressure excursions remained unchanged with increasing frequency. Furthermore, ground reaction forces were greater in the non-restraint condition. Moreover, a tendency toward greater perceived instability with increasing voluntary sway frequency was observed..Our results indicate that variations in sway frequency and verbal restraint resulted in noticeable alterations in mechanical indicators of stability, with no clear effect on perceived instability.

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Motor mechanisms of balance during quiet standing

Cited by 273 publications

References 10 publications

Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults

Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults

An adaptive control strategy for postural stability using a wearable robot

Effects of increased anterior–posterior voluntary sway frequency on mechanical and perceived postural stability

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