Motor Protection Principles

Banerjee, Arijit; Tiwari, Arvind; Vico, Jakov; Wester, Craig

doi:10.1109/cpre.2008.4515057

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Pumping station failure rates are projected to have a percent increase of 76% ± 15%, depending on operating characteristics. The historical average failure rate of motors across a variety of industries in the US is on average 3–12% every year under current temperature conditions . Extending the 270-h failure rates to yearly values provides a value to check validity with historical data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The historical average failure rate of motors across a variety of industries in the US is on average 3−12% every year under current temperature conditions. 17 Extending the 270-h failure rates to yearly values provides a value to check validity with historical data. The estimates of annual failure rates under all temperature scenarios from 36 °C (8.6% ± 5.6%) to 44 °C (26% ± 16%) fall within the historical range.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature sensitivities affect component wear and the rate of chemical reactions, the latter leading to the potential for increased pipe degradation and corrosion or quality noncompliance. Temperature sensitivities are found in the motors − and electronics , used in pumping units, thermoplastic and metal pipes, and in the chemical processes in the water from decay of the disinfectant residual and increase in disinfection byproduct production (DBP) , (SI Table S1). While high temperature is known to affect water demand, soil expansion, material stress in pipes from temperature change, , the health of system operators, nitrification rates, − and the growth of harmful bacteria like Mycobacterium avium Complex , and Legionella, , these effects were excluded from analysis because of a lack of basic data and quantitative relationships.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in ambient temperature threatens overheating of motors and electronics that are vital to the operation of the pumping units. Motors can overheat from the combined dissipated heat from motor windings and the ambient temperature surrounding the motor, causing destruction of the insulation which can lead to burnt stator windings. − It is reported as a rule of thumb in the industry that for every 10 °C increase in the operating temperature over the capacity of the insulation155 °C for class F motorsthe lifespan decreases by one-half (SI Section S4.1.1). − Conversely, the lifespan increases by one-half for every 10 °C decrease in the operating temperature below the capacity of the insulation .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motors can overheat from the combined dissipated heat from motor windings and the ambient temperature surrounding the motor, causing destruction of the insulation which can lead to burnt stator windings. − It is reported as a rule of thumb in the industry that for every 10 °C increase in the operating temperature over the capacity of the insulation155 °C for class F motorsthe lifespan decreases by one-half (SI Section S4.1.1). − Conversely, the lifespan increases by one-half for every 10 °C decrease in the operating temperature below the capacity of the insulation . The electronic controls that are used for pump operation are also sensitive to the combination of dissipated heat and the outside temperature within their enclosures, and for every 10 °C rise in enclosure temperature above 40 °C, the lifespan of the electronics decreases by one-half (SI Section S4.1.2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Distribution System Failure Risks with Increasing Temperatures

Bondank

Chester

Ruddell

2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In the coming decades, ambient temperature increase from climate change threatens to reduce not only the availability of water but also the operational reliability of engineered water systems. Relatively little is known about how temperature stress can increasingly cause hardware components to fail, quality to be affected, and service outages to occur. Changes to the estimated-time-to-failure of major water system hardware and the probability of quality noncompliance were estimated for a modern potable water system that experiences hot summer temperatures, similar to Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV. A fault tree model was developed to estimate the probability that consequential service outages in quantity and quality will occur. Component failures are projected to have a percent increase of 10-101% in scenarios where peak summer temperature has increased from 36 to 44 °C, which create the conditions for service outages to have a percent increase of 7-91%. Increased service outages due to multiple pumping unit failures and water quality noncompliances are the most notable concerns for water utilities. The most effective strategies to prevent temperature-related failures should focus on monitoring and correcting chlorine residual and disinfection byproduct concentration, and on cooling pumping unit motors and electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Distribution System Failure Risks with Increasing Temperatures

Bondank

Chester

Ruddell

2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Anticipating water distribution service outages from increasing temperatures

Bondank

Chester

Michne

et al. 2022

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

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With projected temperature increases and extreme events due to climate change for many regions of the world, characterizing the impacts of these emerging hazards on water distribution systems is necessary to identify and prioritize adaptation strategies for ensuring reliability. To aid decision-making, new insights are needed into how water distribution system reliability to climate-driven heat will change, and the proactive maintenance strategies available to combat failures. To this end, we present the model Perses, a framework that joins a water distribution network hydraulic solver with reliability models of physical assets or components to estimate temperature increase-driven failures and resulting service outages in the long term. A case study is developed using Phoenix, Arizona, a city with extreme temperatures and a rapidly expanding infrastructure. By end-of-century under hotter futures there are projected to be 1-5% more pump failures in Phoenix, 2-5% more PVC pipe failures, and 3-7% more iron pipe failures (RCP 4.5-8.5) than a baseline historical temperature profile. Service outages, which constitute inadequate pressure for domestic and commercial use are projected to increase by 16-26% above the baseline under maximum temperature conditions. The exceedance of baseline failures, when compounded across a large metro region, reveals potential challenges for budgeting, management, and maintenance. An exploration of the mitigation potential of adaptation strategies shows that expedited repair times are capable of offsetting the additional outages from climate change, but will come with a cost.

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Motor Protection Principles

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Water Distribution System Failure Risks with Increasing Temperatures

Water Distribution System Failure Risks with Increasing Temperatures

Anticipating water distribution service outages from increasing temperatures

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