The speed with which an action potential (AP), or excitatory impulse, travels along the membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is known as its conduction velocity (CV). Muscle fiber CV may be estimated from the electromyogram (EMG) and can be used as a sensitive measure of the excitability of the muscle fiber membrane in addition to being related to the type, diameter, rate of activation, temperature, and physiological or pathological state of the muscle fiber. Conduction velocity estimates are frequently used as a fatigue index, with applications in ergonomics, kinesiology, rehabilitation, functional electrical stimulation, and, more recently, as a diagnostic tool. Conduction velocity estimation is discussed in the following pages from its genesis to issues regarding its measurement and potential clinical and diagnostic value.