Motor unit recruitment order during voluntary and electrically induced contractions in the tibialis anterior

Feiereisen, Patrick; Duchateau, Jacques; Hainaut, Karl

doi:10.1007/pl00005610

Cited by 175 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, during muscle contractions induced by NMES, the motor unit recruitment follows a different pattern. Indeed, NMES recruits motor units in a nonselective, spatially fixed, and temporally synchronous pattern (Feiereisen et al 1997;Vanderthommen et al 2003). Thus, the recruitment of type II fibers with NMES, even at low intensity, may largely explain the comparative stability of the RFO over the training session and the significant increase in CHO (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effect of a 1 h session of electrical muscle stimulation and walking activity on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in obese subjects

Grosset

Crowe

Vito

et al. 2013

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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It has previously been shown that low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) techniques can induce increases in energy expenditure similar to those associated with exercise. This study investigated the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of a 1 h session of lower limb NMES and compared cardiovascular response with that observed during walking in nine obese subjects (three males) (age = 43.8 ± 3.0 years; body mass index (BMI) = 41.5 ± 1.8 kg/m 2 ). The NMES protocol consisted of delivering a complex pulse pattern to the thigh muscles for 1 h. The walking test consisted of five 4-min bouts starting at 2 km/h with 1 km/h increments up to 6 km/h. In both tests, an open-circuit gas analyser was used to assess O 2 consumption (V O 2 ), CO 2 production (V CO 2 ), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR). Rates of fat oxidation (RFO) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHO) were estimated by indirect calorimetry. One hour of NMES significantly increased V O 2 , HR, RER, and mean energy expenditure compared with resting values, reaching 8.7 ± 1.3 mL·min −2 ·kg −1 (47% of V O 2peak ), 114.8 ± 7.5 bpm, 0.95, and 318.5 ± 64.3 kcal/h, respectively. CHO, but not RFO, increased during 1 h of NMES. With NMES, CHO was greater and RFO was less than at all walking speeds except 6 km/h. Lactate also increased more with NMES, to 3.5 ± 0.7 mmol versus a maximum of 1.5 ± 0.3 mmol with the walking protocol. These results suggest that NMES can be used in an obese population to induce an effective cardiovascular exercise response. In fact, the observed increase in energy expenditure induced by 1 h of NMES is clinically important and comparable with that recommended in weight management programs.Key words: obesity, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation. Mots-clés : obésité, stimulation électrique neuromusculaire, consommation d'oxygène, dépense énergétique, oxydation des substrats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effect of a 1 h session of electrical muscle stimulation and walking activity on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in obese subjects

Grosset

Crowe

Vito

et al. 2013

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…The most obvious examples are the increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation that can occur almost instantaneously at the start of exercise via so-called "central command." With electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, central command is bypassed, and the recruitment of motor units is either reversed or more random (157,273,465,474). This may reflect in part lower input resistance for depolarization in large axons when external current is applied.…”

Section: Foundational Concepts and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs

Joyner

Casey

2015

Physiological Reviews

582

513

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LJoyner MJ, Casey DP. Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs. Physiol Rev 95: 549 -601, 2015; doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2013.-This review focuses on how blood flow to contracting skeletal muscles is regulated during exercise in humans. The idea is that blood flow to the contracting muscles links oxygen in the atmosphere with the contracting muscles where it is consumed. In this context, we take a top down approach and review the basics of oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in humans, how these values change with training, and the systemic hemodynamic adaptations that support them. We highlight the very high muscle blood flow responses to exercise discovered in the 1980s. We also discuss the vasodilating factors in the contracting muscles responsible for these very high flows. Finally, the competition between demand for blood flow by contracting muscles and maximum systemic cardiac output is discussed as a potential challenge to blood pressure regulation during heavy large muscle mass or whole body exercise in humans. At this time, no one dominant dilator mechanism accounts for exercise hyperemia. Additionally, complex interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the microcirculation facilitate high levels of systemic oxygen extraction and permit just enough sympathetic control of blood flow to contracting muscles to regulate blood pressure during large muscle mass exercise in humans.

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“…It has been shown from indirect observations (25,43) that MUs are activated in a reverse order, i.e., from the largest to the smallest, when elicited by a transcutaneous current. However, there are also opposite indications (19,27).The analysis of M-wave properties may allow the investigation of MU activation modalities with increasing stimulation current. However, the interpretation of M-wave properties is complex.…”

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confidence: 99%

M-wave properties during progressive motor unit activation by transcutaneous stimulation

Farina

Blanchietti

Pozzo

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Merletti. M-wave properties during progressive motor unit activation by transcutaneous stimulation. J Appl Physiol 97: 545-555, 2004. First published April 30, 2004 10.1152/japplphysiol.00064.2004The aim of this study was to interpret changes in experimentally recorded M waves with progressive motor unit (MU) activation based on simulation of the surface electromyogram. Activation order during transcutaneous electrical stimulation was analyzed by investigating M-wave average rectified value, spectral properties, and conduction velocity (CV) during electrically elicited contractions. M-waves were detected from the biceps brachii muscle of 10 healthy male subjects by a linear adhesive array of eight electrodes. Electrical stimulation was delivered to the motor point at either constant current intensity (40, 60, 80, and 100% of the supramaximal stimulation current) or with linearly increasing current. A model of surface electromyogram generation that varied activation order based on MU size and location was used to interpret the experimental results. From the experimental and model analysis, it was found that 1) MUs tended to be activated from low to high CV and from the superficial to the deep muscle layers with increasing transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii muscle, and 2) characteristic spectral frequencies of the M-wave were affected by many factors other than average CV (such as the activation order by MU location or the spread of the MU innervation zones and CVs), thus decreasing with a concomitant increase in CV during progressive MU activation. surface electromyography; muscle fiber conduction velocity; mean power spectral frequency; motor unit activation order TRANSCUTANEOUS MUSCLE STIMULATION involves the electrical activation of muscle fibers by applying stimulation electrodes on the skin above the muscle and stimulating the motoneuron terminal branches. Muscle stimulation has found applications in the treatment of paralyzed patients, in the restoration of muscle function before patients are capable of voluntary exercises, for the prevention of disuse (34) or denervation atrophy, to reduce spasticity, to improve voluntary control in stroke patients (4, 38), to strengthen healthy subjects or athletes (8,22), and to externally control paralyzed muscles for functional purposes (28).The detection of surface electromyographic (EMG) signals during electrical stimulation of muscle allows assessment of the peripheral properties of the neuromuscular system without direct involvement of the central nervous system. The resultant surface EMG signal is a compound action potential, termed the M wave. The properties of the M wave depend on factors including the number of active motor units (MUs), the dispersion of their innervation zones, the distribution of MU conduction velocity (CV), the location of the MUs within the muscle, the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue layers, the orientation of the detection system with respect to the muscle fibers, and the intracellular action potential shape....

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Motor unit recruitment order during voluntary and electrically induced contractions in the tibialis anterior

Cited by 175 publications

References 25 publications

Comparative effect of a 1 h session of electrical muscle stimulation and walking activity on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in obese subjects

Comparative effect of a 1 h session of electrical muscle stimulation and walking activity on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in obese subjects

Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs

M-wave properties during progressive motor unit activation by transcutaneous stimulation

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