Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Rates by Mode of Travel, United States: Using Exposure-Based Methods to Quantify Differences

Beck, Laurie F.; Dellinger, Ann M.; O’Neil, Michael

doi:10.1093/aje/kwm064

Cited by 278 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Logistic regression modeling was used to compute the likelihood of an injury versus impact severity. Several predictor variables that have been identified as influencing injury risk were included, such as total delta-V (Kononen et al 2011;Kusano and Gabler 2012), seat belt use (Durbin et al 2003(Durbin et al , 2005, driver age (Langford and Koppel 2006;McCoy et al 1989), driver gender (Beck et al 2007;Mock et al 2002;Yau 2004), and whether or not the vehicle was equipped with side airbags (Arbelaez et al 2002;Kuppa et al 2003). The computation for calculating system effectiveness (i.e., the proportion of intersection crashes/injuries that could have potentially been prevented) can be found in the Appendix.…”

Section: Injury Benefits Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury mitigation estimates for an intersection driver assistance system in straight crossing path crashes in the United States

Scanlon

Sherony

Gabler

2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Accounting for one fifth of all crashes and one sixth of all fatal crashes in the United States, intersection crashes are among the most frequent and fatal crash modes. Intersection advanced driver assistance systems (I-ADAS) are emerging vehicle-based active safety systems that aim to help drivers safely navigate intersections. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of crashes and number of vehicles with a seriously injured driver (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 3+) that could be prevented or reduced if, for every straight crossing path (SCP) intersection crash, one of the vehicles had been equipped with an I-ADAS. Methods: This study retrospectively simulated 448 U.S. SCP crashes as if one of the vehicles had been equipped with I-ADAS. Crashes were reconstructed to determine the path and speeds traveled by the vehicles. Cases were then simulated with I-ADAS. A total of 30 variations of I-ADAS were considered in this study. These variations consisted of 5 separate activation timing thresholds, 3 separate computational latency times, and 2 different I-ADAS response modalities (i.e., a warning or autonomous braking). The likelihood of a serious driver injury was computed for every vehicle in every crash using impact delta-V. The results were then compiled across all crashes in order to estimate system effectiveness. Results: The model predicted that an I-ADAS that delivers an alert to the driver has the potential to prevent 0-23% of SCP crashes and 0-25% of vehicles with a seriously injured driver. Conversely, an I-ADAS that autonomously brakes was found to have the potential to prevent 25-59% of crashes and 38-79% of vehicles with a seriously injured driver. I-ADAS effectiveness is a strong function of design. Increasing computational latency time from 0 to 0.5 s was found to reduce crash and injury prevention estimates by approximately one third. For an I-ADAS that delivers an alert, crash/injury prevention effectiveness was found to be very sensitive to changes in activation timing (warning delivered 1.0 to 3.0 s prior to impact). If autonomous braking was used, system effectiveness was found to largely plateau for activation timings greater than 1.5 s prior to impact. In general, the results of this study suggest that I-ADAS will be 2-3 times more effective if an autonomous braking system is utilized over a warning-based system. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential effectiveness of I-ADAS in the U.S. vehicle fleet, while also indicating the sensitivity of system effectiveness to design specifications. The results of this study should be considered by designers of I-ADAS and evaluators of this technology considering a future I-ADAS safety test.

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Section: Injury Benefits Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury mitigation estimates for an intersection driver assistance system in straight crossing path crashes in the United States

Scanlon

Sherony

Gabler

2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…In this context, Beck et al (2007) have found that, relative to passenger vehicle occupants, bicyclists and pedestrians in the U.S. are 2.3 and 1.5 times, respectively, more likely to be fatally injured on a given trip.…”

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confidence: 99%

On accommodating spatial dependence in bicycle and pedestrian injury counts by severity level

Narayanamoorthy

Paleti

Bhat

2013

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological

129

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In loving memory of my grandmother N. N. Rugmani AcknowledgmentsFirst and foremost, I must express appreciation to Dr. Chandra Bhat, with whom it has been a pleasure and a privilege to work. I thank him for his insights and advice as also for the stimulus and motivation to dig deep into research. I am grateful to him for showing me how to make sense of mathematical models and for instilling in me the notion that writing should be simple, direct, logical, and tight. His invaluable ideas and the high standards that he sets for himself and his students form the backbone of

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“…In addition to this, the impact of comfort and safety provided by rapid rail transit systems should be evaluated within the cost-benefit evaluation framework. Public rail transit is relatively safe mode compared to car-based transportation considering that rail transit travel has lower fatality rates than automobile travel [109]. Ewing et al [99] found that traffic fatality rates are lower for the mixed land-use developments that offer alternative modes of transportation compared to those of automobile-oriented sprawled developments.…”

Section: Cba Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and Assessing Alternative Land-Use Scenarios from the MOLAND Model: A Scenario-Based Impact Analysis Approach for the Evaluation of Rapid Rail Provisions and Urban Development in the Greater Dublin Region

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this study, environmental sustainability implications of planned rail infrastructure investments on the urban form and development in the Greater Dublin Region (GDR) have been analysed incorporating the scenario analysis approach. Various scenarios are developed using the MOLAND Model applications including: A baseline scenario incorporating a continuation of the present dispersed pattern of urban development and an alternative scenario with rail-oriented corridor development, under varying conditions of economic growth. An alternative scenario was also developed for the recessionary development case considering the prolonged recession in the GDR. Further explorations incorporating a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach are developed to evaluate the sustainability implications of different land development scenarios in the Dublin Region. This is assisted by focussing on the impacts of rail investments on urban form and development as raised in the international comparative literature. The findings from the CBA assessment positively indicate that containment policies-as represented by the public transport oriented development indicate benefits over the dispersed development case by reducing the negative consequences of sprawl type of developments. In contrast, dispersed development in the baseline scenario indicates costs of continuation of such development patterns exceed the benefits in the long term. This study will contribute to policy support evaluation measures relating to the integration of scenario analysis tool with the CBA approach in assisting the evaluation of new transport infrastructure proposals.

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Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Rates by Mode of Travel, United States: Using Exposure-Based Methods to Quantify Differences

Cited by 278 publications

References 33 publications

Injury mitigation estimates for an intersection driver assistance system in straight crossing path crashes in the United States

Injury mitigation estimates for an intersection driver assistance system in straight crossing path crashes in the United States

On accommodating spatial dependence in bicycle and pedestrian injury counts by severity level

Developing and Assessing Alternative Land-Use Scenarios from the MOLAND Model: A Scenario-Based Impact Analysis Approach for the Evaluation of Rapid Rail Provisions and Urban Development in the Greater Dublin Region

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