Motorcycle Noise and Exhaust Emissions-Statutory Testing Methods Versus Real Traffic Situations

Schroeder, F. J.; Breuer, Bert; Preiss, Helmut; Weidhaas, Gerhard

doi:10.4271/1999-01-3255

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The conclusion that arises from the results of the investigations are the significant divergences in the emissions of individual exhaust components compared to the admissible values prescribed in Stage II and IIB of the investigated engines [17,[19][20][21][22][23]43]. These results were confirmed by the determined CF coefficient, which showed the relative differences through its structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In laboratory conditions it is impossible to reproduce all the operating parameters. Literature widely describes the problem of nonrepresentativeness of laboratory tests carried out on specially prepared test stands [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The Stage V regulation includes a requirement for engine Original Equipment Manufacturers to test engines installed in machines over their normal operating duty cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from Rail Machinery during Track Maintenance Operations

et al. 2021

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The paper presents the investigations of exhaust emissions under actual operation of two rail vehicles: a track geometry vehicle and a clearance vehicle. The environmental assessment of this type of objects is difficult due to the necessity of adapting the measurement equipment and meeting the safety requirements during the tests (particularly regarding the distance from the overhead electrical lines). The authors have proposed and developed a unique research methodology, based on which a detailed exhaust emissions analysis (CO, HC, NOx, and PM) was carried out. The complex assessment included the unit and on-track exhaust emissions. In the analyses, the authors also included the operating conditions of the powertrains of the tested machinery. The obtained environmental indexes were referred to the homologation standards, according to which the vehicles were approved for operation. Due to the nature of operation of the tested vehicles, the authors carried out a comprehensive environmental assessment in the daily and annual approach as well as in the aspect of their operation as combined vehicles, which is a novel approach to the assessment of the environmental performance of this type of objects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from Rail Machinery during Track Maintenance Operations

et al. 2021

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“…Due to the introduction of such tests into approval procedures, numerous items concern the development of the test methodology and comparison with laboratory tests. In works published on this topic, attention was turned to the non-representativeness of laboratory tests [18,[36][37][38][39][40]. At the same time, the results of these studies draw attention to the multitude of factors influencing the level of emissions and the fuel consumption of vehicles depending on the conditions of actual operation, such as road congestion, the road profile and ambient conditions.…”

Section: Literature Review In the Aspect Of Testing The Emission Of T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, attempts to test in real operating conditions for Lcategory vehicles have been and are still being made. Due to problems with adapting PEMS equipment for RDE tests of two-wheeled vehicles, numerous researchers have focused on conducting research in real operating conditions and creating representative tests on their basis, which were then reproduced in laboratory stations [37,46,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Literature Review In the Aspect Of Testing The Emission Of T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Wheeled Urban Vehicles—A Review of Emissions Test Regulations and Literature

Szymlet,

Rymaniak,

Lijewski

2024

Energies

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Two-wheeled vehicles, due to their population, constitute a significant share of road vehicles in Europe. Therefore, this article presents an overview and analysis of the applicable legal regulations regarding two-wheeled vehicle engines in terms of toxic exhaust emission tests. For the correct interpretation of emission standards, the authors of this work made the necessary analysis of the categorization of two-wheeled vehicles based on Polish law and the criteria of European regulations. The presented analysis concerns not only the current regulations, but also their development trends over the years. These considerations are supplemented with a literature review, which includes the problems of the ecology, energy consumption and construction of the considered group of vehicles. The work presented in this article also concerns the assessment of the conditions for conducting tests on objects belonging to category L in laboratory conditions on chassis dynamometers. On this basis, considerations were made to evaluate the currently applicable WMTC (World Motorcycle Test Cycle) test by comparing it with the actual operation of two-wheeled vehicles. This resulted in the formulation of conclusions regarding the need to introduce procedures for testing pollutant emissions in road conditions in the approval process.

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“…The main problem of these types of vehicle is the type-approval tests carried out on an engine dynamometer. The literature widely describes the problem of the unrepresentativeness of laboratory tests performed on specially prepared measuring stands [9,11,13,16,18,19]. In this type of test, the real operating conditions of the vehicles are simulated in standardized tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of ecological indicators of two-way vehicle in stationary conditions

Kamińska¹,

Andrzejewski²,

Daszkiewicz³

2022

Combustion Engines

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The article concerns the research on the emission of pollutants of a rail-road tractor in two stationary research tests. The purpose of the tests was to carry out control tests of pollutant emissions and their analysis. The object used during the works was approved in accordance with the Stage V standard, which requires measurements of emissivity both in stationary, dynamic and real conditions. Despite the requirement to test engines installed on a vehicle during their normal duty cycle with PEMS, the emission limits measured in this test have not yet been defined. Therefore, the work below focuses on the stationary test cycle. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the combustion engine operating points described in the approval test, and then compared with the modernized NRSC test. It contains modified measuring points and rotational speeds of the crankshaft, adopted on the basis of the most common operating parameters of agricultural tractor combustion engines in real operating conditions. The measurements were performed with the use of a mobile dynamometer and devices for measuring emissions of harmful exhaust gas compounds and recording on-board data. In the test, the vehicle drive system worked at fixed operating points, with defined values of crankshaft rotational speed and load. Based on the recorded data on the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases, the specific emission of the object was determined. In the final stage of the work, these data were used to perform a comparative analysis with the emission limits contained in the standard.

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Motorcycle Noise and Exhaust Emissions-Statutory Testing Methods Versus Real Traffic Situations

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from Rail Machinery during Track Maintenance Operations

Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from Rail Machinery during Track Maintenance Operations

Two-Wheeled Urban Vehicles—A Review of Emissions Test Regulations and Literature

Research of ecological indicators of two-way vehicle in stationary conditions

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