Motorisation and De-motorisation in Europe

Guillén, Pablo; Komac, Urša

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5741-5_11

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“…One of the essential types of transportation in large cities is land transportation which requires infrastructure (a network of roads, drainage, signage, maintenance, etc.). Currently, most countries take measures to reduce the role of automobiles as a principal mode of road transport (passenger traffic) within urban agglomerations Guillen and Komac 2020), though intensive motorization has dedicated urban development in the twentieth century (Gilroy 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution status and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust of Tyumen city, Russia

Konstantinova

Minkina

Konstantinov

et al. 2020

Environ Geochem Health

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This study investigated levels and sources of pollution and potential health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban street dust collected from Tyumen city, a large transport centre with one of the highest motorization rates in Russia. Twenty street dust samples were collected from four grades of roads in five different land use areas.Research methods included measurements of physical and chemical properties of street dust, concentrations of 18 PTEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 12 PAHs using high-performance liquid chromatography, and statistical analysis of the data. Concentrations of Ni, Cr, Sb, and Mo, as well as medium and high molecular weight PAHs in urban street dust, were notably higher than in soils within the city, which indicates that transport is the main source of these elements. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, and As in street dust of Tyumen were lower compared to many large cities, while Cr, Ni, and Co were higher. Concentrations of PAH were comparable to other large nonindustrial cities. Total contamination of street dust by both PTEs and PAHs showed more robust relationships with the number of roadway lanes rather than land use. The estimated carcinogenic risks were low in 70% of samples and medium in 30% of samples. Noncarcinogenic risks were attributed to exposure to Co, Ni, V, and As. The total noncarcinogenic risk for adults was found to be negligible, while the risk was found to be moderate for children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%