Mount Etna volcano (Italy) as a major “dust” point source in the Mediterranean area

Calabrese, Stefano; Randazzo, Luciana; Daskalopoulou, Kyriaki; Milazzo, Silvia; Scaglione, Sarah; Vizzini, Salvatrice; Tramati, Cecilia Doriana; D’Alessandro, W.; Brusca, L.; Bellomo, S.; Giuffrida, Giovanni; Pecoraino, Giovannella; Montana, Giuseppe; Salerno, Giuseppe; Giammanco, Salvatore; Caltabiano, Tommaso; Parello, Francesco

doi:10.1007/s12517-015-2165-0

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Ions such as NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− , are usually indicators of secondary aerosol and long-range transport [8]. Air mass trajectories combined with the chemical composition of rainwater provide information on the origin of atmospheric pollutants [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Deposition around the Industrial Areas of Milazzo and Priolo Gargallo (Sicily–Italy)—Part A: Major Ions

Brugnone

D’Alessandro

Parello

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The chemical composition of rainwater was studied in two highly-industrialised areas in Sicily (southern Italy), between June 2018 and July 2019. The study areas were characterised by large oil refining plants and other industrial hubs whose processes contribute to the release of large amounts of gaseous species that can affect the chemical composition of atmospheric deposition As in most of the Mediterranean area, rainwater acidity (ranging in the study area between 3.9 and 8.3) was buffered by the dissolution of abundant geogenic carbonate aerosol. In particular, calcium and magnesium cations showed the highest pH-neutralizing factor, with ~92% of the acidity brought by SO42− and NO3− neutralized by alkaline dust. The lowest pH values were observed in samples collected after abundant rain periods, characterised by a less significant dry deposition of alkaline materials. Electrical Conductivity (ranging between 7 µS cm−1 and 396 µS cm−1) was inversely correlated with the amount of rainfall measured in the two areas. Concentrations of major ionic species followed the sequence Cl− > Na+ > SO42− ≃ HCO3− > ≃ Ca2+ > NO3− > Mg2+ > K+ > F−. High loads of Na+ and Cl− (with a calculated R2 = 0.99) reflected proximity to the sea. Calcium, potassium, and non-sea-salt magnesium had a prevalent crustal origin. Non-sea salt sulphate, nitrate, and fluoride can be attributed mainly to anthropogenic sources. Mt. Etna, during eruptive periods, may be also considered, on a regional scale, a significant source for fluoride, non-sea salt sulphate, and even chloride.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Deposition around the Industrial Areas of Milazzo and Priolo Gargallo (Sicily–Italy)—Part A: Major Ions

Brugnone

D’Alessandro

Parello

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Even though abnormal trace element levels often reflect anthropogenic factors, harmful trace element levels may also derive from natural processes (contamination) (e.g. Brugnone et al 2020 ; Calabrese et al 2016 ; D’Alessandro et al 2017 ; 2020 ; Gagliano et al 2019 ; Rognerud and Fjeld 2001 ). For example, volcanic activity is a strong contributor of trace elements to the atmosphere (Calabrese et al 2011 ; Liotta et al 2021 ) and the ocean (Elderfield and Shultz 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of trace elements in thermal and mineral waters of Greece

Vigni

Daskalopoulou

Calabrese

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Natural thermal and mineral waters are widely distributed along the Hellenic region and are related to the geodynamic regime of the country. The diverse lithological and tectonic settings they are found in reflect the great variability in their chemical and isotopic composition. The current study presents 276 (published and unpublished) trace element water data and discusses the sources and processes affecting the water by taking into consideration the framework of their geographic distribution. The dataset is divided in groups using temperature- and pH-related criteria. Results yield a wide range of concentrations, often related to the solubility properties of the individual elements and the factors impacting them (i.e. temperature, acidity, redox conditions and salinity). Many elements (e.g. alkalis, Ti, Sr, As and Tl) present a good correlation with temperature, which is in cases impacted by water rock interactions, while others (e.g. Be, Al, Cu, Se, Cd) exhibit either no relation or an inverse correlation with T possibly because they become oversaturated at higher temperatures in solid phases. A moderately constant inverse correlation is noticed for the vast majority of trace elements and pH, whereas no relationship between trace element concentrations and Eh was found. Seawater contamination and water-rock interaction seem to be the main natural processes that influence both salinity and elemental content. All in all, Greek thermomineral waters exceed occasionally the accepted limits representing in such cases serious harm to the environment and probably indirectly (through the water cycle) to human health.

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“…Trace elements contained in dry deposition are usually of more local origin than those contained in wet deposition, which may also originate from regional-scale sources [42]. Air mass trajectories combined with the chemical composition of rainwater provide information on the origin of atmospheric pollutants [43,44]. Beyond the differences in emission sources, different land uses and size distributions of trace elements in atmospheric aerosols are considered to influence the trace element wet/dry ratios of different sites [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Deposition around the Industrial Areas of Milazzo and Priolo Gargallo (Sicily–Italy)—Part B: Trace Elements

et al. 2023

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The concentrations of trace elements in atmospheric bulk depositions (wet plus dry) were investigated from two highly industrialised areas of Sicily (southern Italy) from June 2018 to July 2019, in order to recognise the main natural and anthropogenic sources. A side objective of this study was to improve the common sampling procedures and analytical methods used for monitoring trace elements in atmospheric deposition. The trace element VWM (Volume-Weighted Mean) concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 μg L−1 for trace elements such as Cs, Tl, and U, up to 24 μg L−1 for minor elements (Al, Zn, Sr), in the filtered aliquot, while they reached concentrations up to 144 μg L−1 for the same elements, in the unfiltered aliquot. Therefore, significant differences in concentrations between these two aliquots were found, particularly for Al, Fe, Ti, Zn, Cr, Pb, Se, Cs, and U. This implies that filtering operations may produce a consistent underestimation of concentrations of certain ‘constituents’ of the atmospheric deposition. Natural (marine spray, local and regional geogenic input, volcanic emanations) and anthropogenic sources (industrial emissions, auto vehicular traffic, and diffuse background pollution) which influence rainwater chemistry were identified. Enrichment factors (EFs), with respect to the upper crust composition, provided clear evidence of the different sources above mentioned: Ti, Fe, Al, Cs, Cr, Rb, and Co have low EFs (<1), and are referable to the (local and/or regional) geogenic input, while Se, Sb, Zn, B, Cd, Cu, Mo, Sr, As, with high EFs (>10), highlight the influence of marine and/or industrial sources. The study produced a novel dataset on the atmospheric deposition rate of several trace elements, which had never been studied in the investigated areas. Finally, a comparison of trace element deposition rates in the studied areas with the atmospheric deposition reported for 53 different sites, belonging to 20 different European nations, was made. The comparison showed that some elements, such as Al, V, Zn, and Mo had higher median deposition fluxes in the Sicilian sites than in European monitoring sites.

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Mount Etna volcano (Italy) as a major “dust” point source in the Mediterranean area

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Atmospheric Deposition around the Industrial Areas of Milazzo and Priolo Gargallo (Sicily–Italy)—Part A: Major Ions

Atmospheric Deposition around the Industrial Areas of Milazzo and Priolo Gargallo (Sicily–Italy)—Part A: Major Ions

Characterization of trace elements in thermal and mineral waters of Greece

Atmospheric Deposition around the Industrial Areas of Milazzo and Priolo Gargallo (Sicily–Italy)—Part B: Trace Elements

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