Mounting evidence suggests human adult neurogenesis is unlikely

Nano, Patricia R.; Bhaduri, Aparna

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.004

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3, Table 3). However, we draw attention to the emerging controversy concerning the role of neurogenesis being a putative function-improving mechanism of neural control, including exercise-induced improvements in (cognitive) and motor function in humans (Gogniat et al, 2021;Hvid et al, 2021;Nano and Bhaduri, 2022). There is indeed meta-analytical evidence against exercise moderating functional improvements via brain volumetric changes (i.e., neurogeneration) in populations at risk for neurodegeneration (Hvid et al, 2021).…”

Section: Association Between Np Cognition and Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that high-more so than low-intensity AT-generated lactate stimulates the proliferation of neurons and glia cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor production (Diechmann et al, 2021;Ruiz-Gonzalez et al, 2021). However, recent evidence seems to question the neurogenesis mechanism at least in humans (Gogniat et al, 2021;Hvid et al, 2021;Nano and Bhaduri, 2022). Further, in an intensity-dependent manner, AT affects mitochondrial biogenesis and improves antioxidant capacity, the affinity of mitochondria for oxygen, protein levels involved in ATP generation, and mitophagy in muscle and brain (Burtscher et al, 2021).…”

Section: High-intensity At and Rt Similarly Improve Markers Of Npmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general mechanistic cascade would involve an intensity-scaled improvements in: (a) levels of nerve growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor); (b) neuroinflammation markers (C-reactive protein, cytokines); (c) cerebral blood flow, brain glucose, and oxygen transport, and brain arterial vessel stiffness, which would then improve (d) brain activation, network function, and structural properties, underlying improvements in (e) motor (gait, balance) and cognitive function (attention, executive function, processing speed, memory) following AT and RT. This expectation was not always met (Hortobágyi et al, 2021;Quigley et al, 2020;Taylor et al, 2022) and there is mounting evidence suggesting that, after all, exercise may not be as potent as previously proposed in affecting neurogenesis in humans (Gogniat et al, 2021;Hvid et al, 2021;Nano and Bhaduri, 2022). Because focal neuronal damage affects the function of undamaged areas (Allegra et al, 2021;Gratton et al, 2012), it is likely that neurological patients would be less responsive to intensity dosing of exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

Hortobágyi

Vetrovsky

Balbim

et al. 2022

Ageing Research Reviews

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Section: Association Between Np Cognition and Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-intensity At and Rt Similarly Improve Markers Of Npmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

Hortobágyi

Vetrovsky

Balbim

et al. 2022

Ageing Research Reviews

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“…This conclusion accords with recent studies that have challenged the claim that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is physiologically significant in humans. 155 , 156 , 157 …”

Section: Igf2 Is Implicated In Multiple Aspects Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

2023

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Current AD treatments slow the rate of cognitive decline, but do not restore lost function. One reason for the low efficacy of current treatments is that they fail to target neurotrophic processes, which are thought to be essential for functional recovery. Bolstering neurotrophic processes may also be a viable strategy for preventative treatment, since structural losses are thought to underlie cognitive decline in AD. The challenge of identifying presymptomatic patients who might benefit from preventative treatment means that any such treatment must meet a high standard of safety and tolerability. The neurotrophic peptide insulin‐like growth factor‐2 (IGF2) is a promising candidate for both treating and preventing AD‐induced cognitive decline. Brain IGF2 expression declines in AD patients. In rodent models of AD, exogenous IGF2 modulates multiple aspects of AD pathology, resulting in (1) improved cognitive function; (2) stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; and, (3) neuroprotection against cholinergic dysfunction and beta amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity. Preclinical evidence suggests that IGF2 is likely to be safe and tolerable at therapeutic doses. In the preventative treatment context, the intranasal route of administration is likely to be the preferred method for achieving the therapeutic effect without risking adverse side effects. For patients already experiencing AD dementia, routes of administration that deliver IGF2 directly access the CNS may be necessary. Finally, we discuss several strategies for improving the translational validity of animal models used to study the therapeutic potential of IGF2.

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“…This process, known as adult neurogenesis, takes place in restricted areas of the CNS in higher and lower vertebrates ( Lledo et al, 2006 ). Although the presence of adult neurogenesis in humans remains to be confirmed ( Alvarez-Buylla et al, 2022 ; Arellano et al, 2022 ; Terreros-Roncal et al, 2022 ), understanding the mechanisms that mediate NSC activation and proliferation, as well as the events that drive the differentiation, migration and integration of new neurons, represents a powerful tool that might help us to promote brain repair following traumatic, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative insults ( Nano and Bhaduri, 2022 ). To date, research in this field has mainly relied on rodent models, leading to the extensive characterization of NSCs in their subgranular (SGZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ: Ming and Song, 2011 ; Obernier and Alvarez-Buylla, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Diversity of Calretinin Interneurons Generated From Adult Mouse Olfactory Bulb Core Neural Stem Cells

Acosta

Luque-Molina

Vecino

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) core can generate mature interneurons in the adult mice brain. The vast majority of these adult generated cells express the calcium-binding protein Calretinin (CalR), and they migrate towards different OB layers. However, these cells have yet to be fully characterized and hence, to achieve this we injected retroviral particles expressing GFP into the OB core of adult animals and found that the CalR+ neurons generated from NSCs mainly migrate to the granule cell layer (GCL) and glomerular layer (GL) in similar proportions. In addition, since morphology and function are closely related, we used three-dimensional imaging techniques to analyze the morphology of these adult born cells, describing new subtypes of CalR+ interneurons based on their dendritic arborizations and projections, as well as their localization in the GCL or GL. We also show that the migration and morphology of these newly generated neurons can be altered by misexpressing the transcription factor Tbr1 in the OB core. Therefore, the morphology acquired by neurons located in a specific OB layer is the result of a combination of both extrinsic (e.g., layer allocation) and intrinsic mechanisms (e.g., transcription factors). Defining the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms that govern adult neurogenesis might help better understand brain circuit formation and plasticity, as well as eventually opening the way to develop strategies for brain repair.

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Mounting evidence suggests human adult neurogenesis is unlikely

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

Morphological Diversity of Calretinin Interneurons Generated From Adult Mouse Olfactory Bulb Core Neural Stem Cells

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