Mouse and human blastocyst-derived stem cells: vive les differences

Rossant, Janet

doi:10.1242/dev.115451

Cited by 118 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, given the level of conservation of developmental processes at the genetic level, it seems highly likely that human development will also use the same palette of molecular tools. However -not unexpectedly, given the differences in size and life span -there are a number of important differences in the development of human and mouse embryos (Rossant, 2015). Studies of human development have been very limited, due to the highly restricted accessibility to human embryos.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Janet Rossant discusses key differences between early mouse and human development, and how these relate to the ability to derive different stem cell lines from these embryos (Rossant, 2015). Looking at much later stages of development, Hans-Willem Snoeck explains, using the lung as an example, why it is essential to understand human development if we are to make progress in treating disease (Snoeck, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looking inwards: opening a window onto human development

Pourquié¹,

Bruneau²,

Keller³

et al. 2015

Development

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking inwards: opening a window onto human development

Pourquié¹,

Bruneau²,

Keller³

et al. 2015

Development

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“…Both totipotent as well as pluripotent cells belong to the germline, and both states require a finely tuned temporal and spatial control [1,2] . Interestingly, the molecular regulation of pluripotency and the signal transduction pathways associated with this developmental state are not fully conserved in different mammalian species as has been shown for pluripotent cells of human and mouse origin [3,4] . Recently, marmoset monkey and mouse pluripotent cells directly isolated from embryos were also compared [5] .…”

Section: The Totipotent and Pluripotent Stages Of The Germlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data suggest that the ExE is essential for proper PGC specification and development in the mouse. However, since the anatomy and morphology of the mouse and the primate embryo are fundamentally different, with a flat germ disc in primates and an egg cylinder in the mouse [4,33] , there is no direct structural counterpart of the mouse ExE in the primate embryo [34] . Recently, it was shown that the nascent (pregastrulation) amnion is the origin of PGCs in the cynomolgus monkey [13] .…”

Section: The Role Of the Amnion And The Extraembryonic Ectodermmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Features of Male Germline Development in Primates

Behr¹

2017

Genetics of Human Infertility

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The germline is constituted by all cells that have the potential to transmit their genetic information to the next generation. The germline can be considered as a defined sequence of genetic, cellular, and developmental processes recurring in each generation in order to ensure the continuity of a species-specific reproduction program. Although basic mechanisms of germline development in mammals are highly conserved, relatively slight yet relevant modifications of germline development evolved in different groups of mammals to adapt the entire process to the specific requirements of and conditions in each species. This review highlights selected aspects that illustrate germline adaptations and characteristics in primates mainly in comparison to the mouse, which is the best investigated mammalian model organism in reproductive biology. The germline is constituted by all cells that have the potential to submit their genetic information to the next generation. The cycle of the germline in mammals is characterized by the recurring sequence of (1) fertilization, i.e., fusion of 2 haploid gametes, resulting in (2) a diploid phase of early embryonic development, which leads to (3) the specification and separation of germ cells (primordial germ cells; PGCs) from somatic cells, followed by (4) several rounds of mitotic divisions of the germ cells. Then (5) the germ cells enter meiosis, i.e., the genetic reduction division, resulting in (6) haploid cells forming gametes again. Fusion of the haploid male and the female gametes completes the cycle of the germline and begins the next generation ( Fig. 1 ). This sequence of events occurs in all mammals. However, different species exhibit specific adaptations and characteristics of 1 or more phases of the cycle of the germline. Remarkably, the cycle of the germline is an extremely robust process that works "endlessly". On the other hand, certain dynamics of the germline is essential for evolution since only modifications of the germline cells can lead to (genetically or epigenetically) inherited traits possibly resulting in better-adapted offspring and, hence, supporting species diversion. In light of these conflicting goals, namely germline stability and genome dynamics, some selected characteristic features of male germ cell development in pri- A new generation is initiated by the formation of a zygote, i.e., the fertilized oocyte. In the morula-stage embryo, the individual cells (blastomeres) are not yet specified. They are all potential progenitor cells of the prospective germ cells. The blastocyst consists of 2 clearly distinguishable cell populations: the inner cell mass cells (highlighted by red arrows) and the outer cell layer, i.e., the trophoblast. The germ cells develop from the inner cell mass cells. In the implantation embryo the first specified germ cells, called PGCs, occur. In the somite-stage embryos they are frequently located in the epithelium of the developing hind gut (red arrows). In the fetus, most PGCs have entered the forming gonad. The magnifie...

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“…Finally, studying human and chimpanzee regulatory sequences or genes in mice is not guaranteed to recapitulate their function in primates. There are important differences between embryonic development in humans compared with model organisms, including mice (Rossant, 2015), which ultimately limit these studies to investigations of small pieces of the human genome out of context.…”

Section: The Power and Limitations Of Transgenic Model Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic approaches to studying human-specific developmental traits

Franchini

Pollard

2015

Development

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Changes in developmental regulatory programs drive both disease and phenotypic differences among species. Linking human-specific traits to alterations in development is challenging, because we have lacked the tools to assay and manipulate regulatory networks in human and primate embryonic cells. This field was transformed by the sequencing of hundreds of genomes -human and non-humanthat can be compared to discover the regulatory machinery of genes involved in human development. This approach has identified thousands of human-specific genome alterations in developmental genes and their regulatory regions. With recent advances in stem cell techniques, genome engineering, and genomics, we can now test these sequences for effects on developmental gene regulation and downstream phenotypes in human cells and tissues.

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Mouse and human blastocyst-derived stem cells: vive les differences

Cited by 118 publications

References 41 publications

Looking inwards: opening a window onto human development

Looking inwards: opening a window onto human development

Characteristic Features of Male Germline Development in Primates

Genomic approaches to studying human-specific developmental traits

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