Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences are present in lung patient specimens

Trejo-Ávila, Laura; Zapata‐Benavides, Pablo; Rodríguez, Raúl Barrera; Badillo-almaráz, IsaÍAs; Saavedra-Alonso, Santiago; Zamora-Ávila, Diana Elisa; Garza-Sáenz, Jorge A; Taméz-Guerra, Reyes; Rodríguez‐Padilla, Cristina

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-8-451

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MMTV has also been linked to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which in turn is associated with liver cancer and the evidence for this has been recently reviewed . More recent reports have documented the presence of MMTV in some human lung cancers, although this has yet to be independently confirmed …”

Section: Mmtv and Other Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting a role for a mammary tumor retrovirus in human breast cancer

Salmons¹,

Günzburg

2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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There remains great controversy as to whether mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), the etiological agent of mammary cancer in mice, or a closely related human retrovirus, plays a role in the development of breast cancer in humans. On one hand, retroviruses such as human T-cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are known causative agents of cancer (in the case of HIV, albeit, indirectly), but attempts to associate other retroviruses with human cancers have been difficult. A recent, high profile, example has been the postulated involvement of another mouse virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, in human prostate cancer, which is now thought to be due to contamination. Here, we review some of the more recent evidence for and against the involvement of MMTV in human breast cancer and suggest future studies that may allow a definitive answer to this conundrum.Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is the etiological agent of mammary cancer in mice, 1,2 and it has long been postulated that this or a similar, MMTV-related, retrovirus is involved in breast cancer in humans. However, this remains controversial. [3][4][5][6] Indeed, this controversy was one of the reasons for a meeting held in Pisa, Italy organized by Generoso Bevilacqua and his colleagues entitled "viruses and breast cancer" last year. Although retroviruses such as human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are known to be directly or indirectly involved in the causation of cancer, the association of other retroviruses with human cancers has been fraught with difficulties, the most notable and recent of which has been the evidence for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) being associated with prostate cancer, where now the evidence seems to be explainable by the use of contaminated cell's DNA and even contaminated commercially available reagents. 7 The resurgence of interest in a potential role of MMTV in human breast cancer over the last 15 years has been driven by consistent reports that sequences highly homologous to MMTV can be found in up to 40% of human breast cancers, and this data have recently been summarized 8 with some groups even referring to the virus from human tumorderived cells and tissue as HMTV rather than MMTV. Moreover, virus protein expression has been reportedly detected in ten primary cultures of human breast cancer containing MMTV sequences, 9 a putative virus has been isolated and the virus cDNA partially sequenced. 10 MMTV has been shown to be able to infect human cells, 11 where it can randomly integrate its genomic information into the genome of the infected cell, a characteristic step in the retrovirus life cycle, 12 as well as produce infectious progeny capable of spreading. 13 These bona fide integrated proviruses can be detected and isolated from 298 unique integration sites isolated from infected human cells and the integrated proviruses are flanked by a duplicated, five base pair sequence, which is characteristic of MMTV. Moreover, the fla...

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Section: Mmtv and Other Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting a role for a mammary tumor retrovirus in human breast cancer

Salmons¹,

Günzburg

2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…HMTV has been detected in a few cases of lung cancer. Unfortunately, not sufficient information about the specimens is provided [201].…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Viral Origin of Human Breast Cancer: From the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) to the Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV)

Bevilacqua

2022

Viruses

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A Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV) has been identified in humans, dating as far back as about 4500 years ago, with a high probability of it being acquired by our species around 10,000 years ago, following a species jump from mice to humans. HBRV is the human homolog of the MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus), which is the etiological agent of murine mammary tumors. The hypothesis of a HMTV (human mammary tumor virus) was proposed about 50 years ago, and has acquired a solid scientific basis during the last 30 years, with the demonstration of a robust link with breast cancer and with PBC, primary biliary cholangitis. This article summarizes most of what is known about MMTV/HMTV/HBRV since the discovery of MMTV at the beginning of last century, to make evident both the quantity and the quality of the research supporting the existence of HBRV and its pathogenic role. Here, it is sufficient to mention that scientific evidence includes that viral sequences have been identified in breast-cancer samples in a worldwide distribution, that the complete proviral genome has been cloned from breast cancer and patients with PBC, and that saliva contains HBRV, as a possible route of inter-human infection. Controversies that have arisen concerning results obtained from human tissues, many of them outdated by new scientific evidence, are critically discussed and confuted.

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“…Another human tumor virus, Epstein-Barr virus, is found in lung cancers, especially in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, predominantly in Asian patients [5]. Recently, the presence of murine mammary tumor virus-like sequence was identified in 18% of the lung cancer from Mexican patients [6]. Thus, the prevalence of viral infections in lung cancers appears to depend on geographic location.…”

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confidence: 99%