Mouse models for the study of mucosal vaccination against otitis media

Sabirov, Albert; Metzger, Dennis W.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.029

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(308 reference statements)

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“…catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen, which means that the applicability of animal models to elucidate its pathogenesis is rather limited. At the present, most experiments are conducted using the mouse pulmonary clearance model and the chinchilla middle ear colonization model (66,88,(111)(112)(113)123). Although interpretation of the data obtained from such animal experiments is difficult, these models can still yield valuable information regarding the in vivo molecular pathogenesis of M. catarrhalis.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects ofMoraxella catarrhalisPathogenesis

Vries

Bootsma

Hays

et al. 2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY In recent years, Moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. Further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in M. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. Additionally, in order to be successful in the host, M. catarrhalis has to be able to interact and compete with the commensal flora and overcome stressful environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with M. catarrhalis virulence and pathogenesis.

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Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects ofMoraxella catarrhalisPathogenesis

Vries

Bootsma

Hays

et al. 2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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show abstract

“…Some authors have examined mouse genetic susceptibility to pneumococcal disease (121), while others have discussed the value of knockout mice to investigate the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis (191). In 1999, Giebink effectively reviewed the utility of the chinchilla model for the study of middle ear (ME) pneumococcal infection (90), while Sabirov and Metzger have lately evaluated the importance of the mouse to test mucosal vaccines against otitis media (211). A recent review on animal models of invasive pneumococcal disease focused on the importance of sepsis and pneumonia in experimental animal models for studying vaccine efficacy and also provided very useful considerations on technical aspects (39).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Pneumococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One major advantage of this experimental system is its feasibility for the study of disease pathogenesis, the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, and the efficacy of antimicrobials at the mucosal site without causing disseminated disease (90). In addition, chinchillas have large bullae, which are easily accessible for both inoculation and repetitive sampling of ME fluid (211). Two disadvantages relate to the unavailability of inbred chinchilla strains and the high costs of the animal compared to those of other rodents.…”

Section: Chinchilla Gerbil and Guinea Pig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although less used than the chinchilla and the gerbil, it represents a reliable and relatively inexpensive otosurgical animal for which inbred strains and experimental reagents are also available (211). Investigations on the cytotoxic effects triggered by live pneumococci in the cochlea (63) and also therapeutic (105) and vaccine (260) studies were performed.…”

Section: Chinchilla Gerbil and Guinea Pig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Models ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeDisease

2008

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SUMMARY Streptococcus pneumoniae is a colonizer of human nasopharynx, but it is also an important pathogen responsible for high morbidity, high mortality, numerous disabilities, and high health costs throughout the world. Major diseases caused by S. pneumoniae are otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines, pneumococcal infections still have high mortality rates, especially in risk groups. For this reason, there is an exceptionally extensive research effort worldwide to better understand the diseases caused by the pneumococcus, with the aim of developing improved therapeutics and vaccines. Animal experimentation is an essential tool to study the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and test novel drugs and vaccines. This article reviews both historical and innovative laboratory pneumococcal animal models that have vastly added to knowledge of (i) mechanisms of infection, pathogenesis, and immunity; (ii) efficacies of antimicrobials; and (iii) screening of vaccine candidates. A comprehensive description of the techniques applied to induce disease is provided, the advantages and limitations of mouse, rat, and rabbit models used to mimic pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis are discussed, and a section on otitis media models is also included. The choice of appropriate animal models for in vivo studies is a key element for improved understanding of pneumococcal disease.

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“…The challenge in identifying potential vaccine candidates for M. catarrhalis lies in identifying antigens that are able to generate an appropriate immune response that prevents the process leading from colonization to infection, and are conserved among global strains [15]. It is known that healthy adults possess naturally acquired serum antibodies directed against several M. catarrhalis OMPs, apparently via the acquisition and elimination of many different M. catarrhalis strains [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%