Mouse Scrapie Responsive Gene 1 (Scrg1): Genomic Organization, Physical Linkage to Sap30, Genetic Mapping on Chromosome 8, and Expression in Neuronal Primary Cell Cultures

Dron, Michel; Tartare, Xavier; Guillo, Frédéric; Haı̈k, Stéphane; Barbin, G.; Maury, Chantal; Tovey, Michaël G.; Dandoy-Dron, Françoise

doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6358

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…4,5 Scrg1 is expressed preferentially in the central nervous system and the level of Scrg1 transcripts in primary cultures of neurons is similar to that observed in whole brain indicating that the expression of Scrg1 may be predominant in neurons in vivo. 4 In a recent paper, we have reported the induction of the Scrg1 protein in neurons of scrapie-infected mice and the presence of Scrg1 in autophagic vacuoles identified at the terminal stage of the disease. 6 Accumulation of disease-specific prion protein, gliosis of both astrocytes and microglial cells, neuronal loss and spongiosis are the pathological hallmarks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…1,2 The Scrg1 gene codes for a 10-kDa protein which contains a N-terminal signal peptide and eight cysteine residues defining an original protein signature. 3,4 The predicted protein is highly conserved in mammals and shows no significant homology with any other known protein. 4,5 Scrg1 is expressed preferentially in the central nervous system and the level of Scrg1 transcripts in primary cultures of neurons is similar to that observed in whole brain indicating that the expression of Scrg1 may be predominant in neurons in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 The predicted protein is highly conserved in mammals and shows no significant homology with any other known protein. 4,5 Scrg1 is expressed preferentially in the central nervous system and the level of Scrg1 transcripts in primary cultures of neurons is similar to that observed in whole brain indicating that the expression of Scrg1 may be predominant in neurons in vivo. 4 In a recent paper, we have reported the induction of the Scrg1 protein in neurons of scrapie-infected mice and the presence of Scrg1 in autophagic vacuoles identified at the terminal stage of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SCRG1, a Potential Marker of Autophagy in TSE

Dron¹,

Bailly²,

Béringue³

et al. 2006

Autophagy

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SCRG1, a Potential Marker of Autophagy in TSE

Dron¹,

Bailly²,

Béringue³

et al. 2006

Autophagy

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“…Scrg1 (for Scrapie responsive gene 1) is a protein encoded by a gene mapped to chromosome 8 in mice and chromosome 4 in humans [29][30][31]. In the neuron, Scrg1 is immunolocalized to dictyosomes …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy Contributes to Widespread Neuronal Degeneration in Hamsters Infected with the Echigo-1 Strain of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Mice Infected with the Fujisaki Strain of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) Syndrome

Liberski

Sikorska

Gibson³

et al. 2011

Ultrastructural Pathology

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The authors report here robust autophagy observed by electron microscopy in both the Echigo-1 strain of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in hamsters and the Fujisaki strain of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease in mice. In both models, autophagic vacuoles were observed in several cellular compartments. In neuronal cell bodies, autophagic vacuoles of different size were seen. The cytoplasm of some neurons also contained semicircular cisterns equivalent to an early autophasophore. The major target of autophagy was dystrophic neurites, i.e., enlarged neuritic processes--mostly dendrites but also axonal terminals and preterminals. They contained numerous double- or multiple-membrane-bound autophagosomes or autophagolysosomes and large multivesicular bodies. Multivesicular bodies were also observed within autophagic vacuoles, and large multivesicular bodies were seen within synaptic terminals. Some dystrophic neurites was filled almost completely with multivesicular bodies; the latter were occasionally confluent. The authors conclude that autophagy is an important part of neuropathology in prion disease. They also suggest that spongiform vacuoles, a hallmark for the whole group of prion diseases, may in reality originate from autophagic vacuoles.

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“…SCRG1, which was identified by Dron et al as a protein that increased expression in the brain of scrapie infected mice, was shown to be associated with neurodegenerative changes in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, as well as in brain injury, and is associated with autophagy (16–18). The SCRG1 gene encodes a 98-amino acid, cytokine-like peptide with an N-terminal signal peptide (19,20). Intriguingly, in stem cells SCRG1 was shown to maintain octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) and CD271/low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) expression and thereby maintain the MSC's potential for self-renewal, migration abilities, as well as osteogenic differentiation potential, even at high stem cell passage numbers (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCRG1 suppresses LPS-induced CCL22 production through ERK1/2 activation in mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells

Inoue

Yamada

Aomatsu-Kikuchi

et al. 2017

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Recently, we identified the scrapie responsive gene 1 (SCRG1) secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its receptor bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 (BST1) as positive regulators of stem cell qualities such as self-renewal, migration abilities, and osteogenic differentiation potential. Here, we examined the effect of the paracrine activity of SCRG1 in macrophages. The mouse macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 expressed BST1/β1 or BST1/β2 integrin as possible SCRG1 receptors. Unexpectedly, recombinant SCRG1 did not enhance cell proliferation, migration, or adhesion in these macrophages. However, further examination of the effect of SCRG1 in Raw264.7 cells did reveal a potent anti-inflammatory effect whereby SCRG1 suppressed LPS-induced CCL22 production. SCRG1 also induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in these cells and, moreover, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 significantly suppressed the effect of SCRG1 on LPS-induced chemokine CCL22 production. Taken together, these data indicate that SCRG1 signals through the MAPK pathway and suppresses the LPS signaling pathway. CCL22 is generally known to be chemotactic for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and chronically activated T lymphocytes, suggesting that MSC-derived SCRG1 may block infiltration of these cells. A mechanism is proposed by which MSCs play their immunosuppressive role through suppressing chemokine expression in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells.

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Mouse Scrapie Responsive Gene 1 (Scrg1): Genomic Organization, Physical Linkage to Sap30, Genetic Mapping on Chromosome 8, and Expression in Neuronal Primary Cell Cultures

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

SCRG1, a Potential Marker of Autophagy in TSE

SCRG1, a Potential Marker of Autophagy in TSE

Autophagy Contributes to Widespread Neuronal Degeneration in Hamsters Infected with the Echigo-1 Strain of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Mice Infected with the Fujisaki Strain of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) Syndrome

SCRG1 suppresses LPS-induced CCL22 production through ERK1/2 activation in mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells

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