Mouth-to-mouth ventilation is superior to mouth-to-pocket mask and bag-valve-mask ventilation during lifeguard CPR: A randomized study

Adelborg, Kasper; Dalgas, Christian; Grove, Erik Lerkevang; Jørgensen, Carsten René; Al-Mashhadi, Rozh H; Løfgren, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.01.009

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The reasons why lifeguards in this study and other studies (Adelborg et al, 2011;Claesson et al, 2011) tend to over-inflate the lungs are unknown. One possible explanation is that the surf lifeguards in this study were predominantly young and aerobically fit (since they are required to perform swimming-related tests during their training/retraining).…”

Section: Technical Errorsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…While not able to represent all possible conditions for CPR application, it was assumed that the manikins provided an accurate opportunity to assess simulated CPR on an adult (Adelborg et al, 2011;Berden et al, 1994). The practical test was based on the New Zealand Resuscitation Council (NZRC) guidelines (NZRC, 2006) and adult collapse algorithm (NZRC, 2007) current at the time of the study and adopted by SLSNZ in their training of lifeguards.…”

Section: Research Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Too Much Puff, Not Enough Push? Surf Lifeguard Simulated CPR Performance

Moran¹,

Webber²

2013

IJARE

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Section: Technical Errorsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Research Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Much Puff, Not Enough Push? Surf Lifeguard Simulated CPR Performance

Moran¹,

Webber²

2013

IJARE

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“…This result corroborated a previous study 6 using football equipment, wherein the authors used similar methods. Conversely, reports 15,16 of nonhelmeted settings have shown superior performance of the pocket mask over the bag-valve mask. We suspect the 2-person approach used in our study may have contributed to the greater volumes achieved with the bag-valve mask.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Delivering Chest Compressions and Ventilations With and Without Men's Lacrosse Equipment

Clark

Davis

Petschauer

et al. 2018

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Current management recommendations for equipment-laden athletes in sudden cardiac arrest regarding whether to remove protective sports equipment before delivering cardiopulmonary resuscitation are unclear.Objective: To determine the effect of men's lacrosse equipment on chest compression and ventilation quality on patient simulators.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Controlled laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-six licensed athletic trainers (18 women, 8 men; age ¼ 25 6 7 years; experience ¼ 2.1 6 1.6 years).Intervention(s): In a single 2-hour session, participants were block randomized to 3 equipment conditions for compressions and 6 conditions for ventilations on human patient simulators.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data for chest compressions (mean compression depth, compression rate, percentage of correctly released compressions, and percentage of optimal compressions) and ventilations (ventilation rate, mean ventilation volume, and percentage of ventilations delivering optimal volume) were analyzed within participants across equipment conditions.Results: Keeping the shoulder pads in place reduced mean compression depth (all P values , .001, effect size ¼ 0.835) and lowered the percentages of both correctly released compressions (P ¼ .02, effect size ¼ 0.579) and optimal-depth compressions (all P values , .003, effect size ¼ 0.900). For both the bag-valve and pocket masks, keeping the chinstrap in place reduced mean ventilation volume (all P values , .001, effect size ¼ 1.323) and lowered the percentage of optimalvolume ventilations (all P values , .006, effect size ¼ 1.038). Regardless of equipment, using a bag-valve versus a pocket mask increased the ventilation rate (all P values , .003, effect size ¼ 0.575), the percentage of optimal ventilations (all P values , .002, effect size ¼ 0.671), and the mean volume (P ¼ .002, effect size ¼ 0.598) across all equipment conditions. Conclusions: For a men's lacrosse athlete who requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the shoulder pads should be lifted or removed to deliver chest compressions. The facemask and chinstrap, or the entire helmet, should be removed to deliver ventilations, preferably with a bag-valve mask.Key Words: sudden cardiac arrest, sudden death, emergency management, facemask, lacrosse helmet, simulation Key PointsLeaving the lacrosse helmets and shoulder pads in place decreased the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Removing the shoulder pads resulted in greater chest compression depth. Removing the helmet chinstrap increased ventilation volume, particularly when using a bag-valve mask.

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“…Our study indicates that the quality of ventilations delivered by lifeguards was poor, as described by other researches. (19,30) Due to the importance of quality ventila-tions provided during CPR for a successful outcome of the CPR performed on a drowning victim, further studies are urged to better elucidate the reasons affecting the ventilation quality in exhausted and at rest lifeguards comparing different techniques and equipment available to provide rescue breaths. The present study has some limitations including the small share of women in the sample not allowing a genderbased comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides assessing the performance of chest compressions under different scenarios, special attention needs to be paid to ventilation performance due to the noticeable importance of good ventilations during CPR, particularly in drowning victims, already pointed out as critical by several other researchers. (11,(16)(17)(18)(19)30) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%