Mouthparts and feeding of certain ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Forsythe, T. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01170.x

Cited by 70 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The appropriate transformation of the mean developmental times was chosen by the Box -Cox method (Box & Cox, 1964, 1982. The adequacy of the transformation was checked by comparing the raw and the transformed data by plot ting standardised residuals of the models against fitted values and against explanatory variables, and the ordered residuals against expected order statistics (Crawley, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adults of the genus Amara Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are generally considered granivorous, since many have been observed feeding on flower heads or plant-seeds (Kleine, 1912(Kleine, , 1914Burmeister, 1939;Lindroth, 1945;Burakowski, 1967;Forsythe, 1982;Hůrka, 1996;Luka et al, 1998). Although dissections (Hengeveld, 1980) and rearing experiments (Bílý, 1971;1972;1975;Hůrka & Duchác, 1980a, b;Hůrka, 1998) revealed that the adults also eat animal food, the abundance of adults of several species is significantly higher in weedy than weedless fields (Jarošík & Hůrka 1986;Kokta, 1988;de Snoo et al, 1995;Honěk & Jarošík, 2000;Honěk et al, 2003) and the fecundity of females of A. similata (Gyllenhal) is highest when reared on a diet of a mixture of weed-seeds (Bracht Jorgensen & Toft, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Larval omnivory in Amara aenea (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Hůrka¹,

Jaros̆ı́k²

2003

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The duration of development, survivorship and adult size were compared for the larvae of Amara aenea reared in the first generation on pure diets of seeds (Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Tussilago farfara, Plantago major, Urtica dioica, or Potentilla argentela), or a pure diet of yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae), and on a mixed diet of seeds and mealworm larvae (T. molitor, S. media and C. bursa-pastoris). To ascertain any long-term effects of pure diets, the beetles were reared on the same pure diet for several generations, or on different pure diets in different generations. The hypothesis that the larvae are primary omnivorous was tested. The evidence that the larvae of A. aenea are primary omnivorous was obtained by revealing that the larvae reared on the mixed diet of insects and seeds survived better, and developed faster in larger adults than those reared on the pure diets of seeds or insects. When the beetles were reared on the same pure diet for several generations, survivorship, and in most cases also the duration of development, did not change. However, when the beetles were reared on a different pure diet each generation, survi vorship significantly decreased in successive generations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval omnivory in Amara aenea (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Hůrka¹,

Jaros̆ı́k²

2003

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…Studies of the biting and chewing mouthparts have been conducted, for instance, on cockroaches (Blattodea) (Popham, 1961), earwigs (Dermaptera) (Popham, 1959) and carabids (Coleoptera) (Evans, 1964;Forsythe, 1982;Forsythe, 1983;Evans and Forsythe, 1985). However, these studies are exclusively based on qualitative approaches and do not present quantifiable analyses on the coordination and kinematics of the various mouthparts over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of the mouthpart kinematics in Periplaneta americana (Blattodea, Blattidae) by using Synchrotron-based X-ray cineradiography

Schmitt

Rack

Betz

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The kinematics of the biting and chewing mouthparts of insects is a complex interaction of various components forming multiple jointed chains. The non-invasive technique of in vivo cineradiography by means of synchrotron radiation was employed to elucidate the motion cycles of the mouthparts in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Digital X-ray footage sequences were used in order to calculate predefined angles and distances, each representing characteristic aspects of the movement pattern. We were able to analyze the interactions of the mouthpart components and to generate a functional model of maxillary movement by integrating kinematic results, morphological dissections and fluorescence microscopy. During the opening and closing cycles, which take about 450-500 ms on average, we found strong correlations between the measured maxillary and mandibular angles, indicating a strong neural coordination of these movements. This is manifested by strong antiphasic courses of the maxillae and the mandibles, antiphasic patterns of the rotation of the cardo about its basic articulation at the head and by the deflection between the cardo and stipes. In our functional model of the maxilla, its movement pattern is explained by the antagonistic activity of four adductor-promotor muscles and two abductor-remotor muscles. However, beyond the observed intersegmental and bilateral stereotypy, certain amounts of variation across subsequent cycles within a sequence were observed with respect to the degree of correlation between the various mouthparts, the maximum, minimum and time course of the angular movements. Although generally correlated with the movement pattern of the mandibles and the maxillary cardo-stipes complex, such plastic behaviour was especially observed in the maxillary palpi and the labium.

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“…This is likely a syndrome related to a feeding adaptation that has evolved in these various groups independently. Forsythe (1982Forsythe ( , 1983 noted the relationship of gular width and musculature and feeding in carabids. In species with large mandibular adductors, gular width decreases to accommodate these large muscles that drive mastication with the mandibles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multigene phylogenetic analysis results in a redefinition of the genus Notonomus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and descriptions of new species of the subgenus Leiradira Castelnau

Will

2015

Invert. Systematics

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Bayesian analysis of four partial gene sequences (28S rDNA, wg, CAD and COI mtDNA) from exemplars of all genera and 12 of 17 informal groups of the Notonomus-series of pterostichine carabids strongly supports a clade requiring redefinition of Notonomus Chaudoir, 1862. Notonomus is redefined to include all species currently placed in Notonomus by Lorenz (2005a) plus two Sarticus Motschulsky, 1865 species (S. blackburni (Sloane, 1895) and S. impar (Sloane, 1893)), all species of Leiradira Castelnau, 1867, Conchitella Moore, 1962 Loxodactylus Chaudoir, 1865 and Acanthoferonia Moore, 1965. Analysis of combined data places Sarticus sister to Notonomus with low support. Individual gene analyses indicated wg is in conflict with other loci and analyses exclusive of wg place Parhypates Motschulsky, 1866 sister to Notonomus with very high support. Leiradira species form a clade within Notonomus including Notonomus dimorphicus Darlington, 1961 and N. flos Darlington, 1961. Six new species of the subgenus Leiradira from Queensland are described; Notonomus (Leiradira) thynnefiliarum, N. (L.) vadosus, N. (L.) viridis, N. (L.) spectabilis, N. (L.) iridescens and N. (L.) barrae. Two additional species of Notonomus s.l. are described; Notonomus hephaestus from the Lamb Range, Queensland, which is part of a mimicry complex with Notonomus (Leiradira) aurifer (Darlington, 1961); and Notonomus nocturnocappellus, from New South Wales, which represents a unique combination of characteristics for the genus. Descriptions of all species of Notonomus (Leiradira) with a wide gula, a grouping equivalent to Darlington’s concept of Leiradira, are given. An identification key to species of Notonomus (Leiradira), the two newly described Notonomus s.l. species and all recognised subgenera of Notonomus is provided.

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Mouthparts and feeding of certain ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Larval omnivory in Amara aenea (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Larval omnivory in Amara aenea (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Analyses of the mouthpart kinematics in Periplaneta americana (Blattodea, Blattidae) by using Synchrotron-based X-ray cineradiography

A multigene phylogenetic analysis results in a redefinition of the genus Notonomus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and descriptions of new species of the subgenus Leiradira Castelnau

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