Mouthrinses against SARS-CoV-2 – High antiviral effectivity by membrane disruption in vitro translates to mild effects in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Meister, Toni Luise; Gottsauner, J M; Schmidt, Bárbara; Heinen, Natalie; Todt, Daniel; Audebert, Franz; Buder, Felix; Lang, Henriette; Gessner, André; Steinmann, Eike; Vielsmeier, Veronika; Pfaender, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198791

Cited by 22 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Chaudhary et al 181 also reported modest reductions in viral load, but it is noteworthy that substances containing hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, or povidone–iodine fared no better than saline rinses. Meister et al 150 found that benzalkonium chloride had only a mild effect on virus reduction. In a randomized‐controlled trial, both 1% povidone–iodine and 0.2% chlorhexidine reduced viral marker load and were superior to the use of a distilled water control 182 .…”

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…149 Under experimental conditions, hydrogen peroxide in solution up to 3% achieved mild antiviral activity. 150…”

Section: Peroxides and Ozonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an extension of applying topical disinfectants, several studies have assessed various topical mucosal anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents 150,165,169,172,173 . Conceivably, such use could be of potential value for the prevention of both infection acquisition or secondary spread.…”

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an extension of applying topical disinfectants, several studies have assessed various topical mucosal anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents. 150 , 165 , 169 , 172 , 173 Conceivably, such use could be of potential value for the prevention of both infection acquisition or secondary spread. For example, the focused use of these agents in dental offices to mitigate potential transmission has been considered to be useful.…”

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Cimolai

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Given the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as witnessed early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, concerns arose with the existing methods for virus disinfection and decontamination. The need for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data stimulated considerable research in this regard. Overall, SARS‐CoV‐2 is practically and equally susceptible to approaches for disinfection and decontamination that have been previously found for other human or animal coronaviruses. The latter have included techniques utilizing temperature modulation, pH extremes, irradiation, and chemical treatments. These physicochemical methods are a necessary adjunct to other prevention strategies, given the environmental and patient surface ubiquity of the virus. Classic studies of disinfection have also allowed for extrapolation to the eradication of the virus on human mucosal surfaces by some chemical means. Despite considerable laboratory study, practical field assessments are generally lacking and need to be encouraged to confirm the correlation of interventions with viral eradication and infection prevention. Transparency in the constitution and use of any method or chemical is also essential to furthering practical applications.

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Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…149 Under experimental conditions, hydrogen peroxide in solution up to 3% achieved mild antiviral activity. 150…”

Section: Peroxides and Ozonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disinfectants and Topical Mucosal Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Cimolai

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The use of antiseptic mouthwashes as adjunct to mechanical removal of biofilm and use of fluorides has been recommended for certain high-risk patient populations, such as patients with intellectual disabilities ( Waldron et al, 2019 ), patients following surgical procedures, such as periodontal or implant surgery ( Solderer et al, 2019 ), with fixed orthodontic appliances ( Pithon et al, 2015 ), or elderly persons who are restricted in performing tooth-brushing or other oral hygiene procedures themselves ( Grönbeck Lindén et al, 2017 ). More recently, since the COVID-19 pandemic, antiseptic mouthwashes are also applied as preprocedural mouthrinses for potentially reducing the viral load and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity and dental aerosols ( Gottsauner et al, 2020 ; Carrouel et al, 2021 ; Meister et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Effects of Daily Antiseptic Treatment on Microbial Composition of Saliva-Grown Microcosm Biofilms and Selection of Resistant Phenotypes

et al. 2022

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Antiseptics are widely used in dental practice and included in numerous over-the-counter oral care products. However, the effects of routine antiseptic use on microbial composition of oral biofilms and on the emergence of resistant phenotypes remain unclear. Microcosm biofilms were inoculated from saliva samples of four donors and cultured in the Amsterdam Active Attachment biofilm model for 3 days. Then, they were treated two times daily with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for a period of 7 days. Ecological changes upon these multiple antiseptic treatments were evaluated by semiconductor-based sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and identification of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Furthermore, culture-based approaches were used for colony-forming units (CFU) assay, identification of antiseptic-resistant phenotypes using an agar dilution method, and evaluation of their antibiotic susceptibilities. Both CHX and CPC showed only slight effects on CFU and could not inhibit biofilm growth despite the two times daily treatment for 7 days. Both antiseptics showed significant ecological effects on the microbial compositions of the surviving microbiota, whereby CHX led to enrichment of rather caries-associated saccharolytic taxa and CPC led to enrichment of rather gingivitis-associated proteolytic taxa. Antiseptic-resistant phenotypes were isolated on antiseptic-containing agar plates, which also exhibited phenotypic resistance to various antibiotics. Our results highlight the need for further research into potential detrimental effects of antiseptics on the microbial composition of oral biofilms and on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the context of their frequent use in oral healthcare.

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Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

Jefferson

Dooley

Ferroni

et al. 2023

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

156

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Background Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a global threat. Examples are influenza (H1N1) caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus in 2009, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 in 2019. Antiviral drugs and vaccines may be insufficient to prevent their spread. This is an update of a Cochrane Review last published in 2020. We include results from studies from the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of acute respiratory viruses. Search methods We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and two trials registers in October 2022, with backwards and forwards citation analysis on the new studies. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster‐RCTs investigating physical interventions (screening at entry ports, isolation, quarantine, physical distancing, personal protection, hand hygiene, face masks, glasses, and gargling) to prevent respiratory virus transmission. Data collection and analysis We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. Main results We included 11 new RCTs and cluster‐RCTs (610,872 participants) in this update, bringing the total number of RCTs to 78. Six of the new trials were conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic; two from Mexico, and one each from Denmark, Bangladesh, England, and Norway. We identified four ongoing studies, of which one is completed, but unreported, evaluating masks concurrent with the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many studies were conducted during non‐epidemic influenza periods. Several were conducted during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, and others in epidemic influenza seasons up to 2016. Therefore, many studies were conducted in the context of lower respiratory viral circulation and transmission compared to COVID‐19. The included studies were conducted in heterogeneous settings, ranging from suburban schools to hospital wards in high‐income countries; crowded inner city settings in low‐income countries; and an immigrant neighbourhood in a high‐income country. Adherence with interventions was low in many studies. The risk of bias for the RCTs and cluster‐RCTs was mostly high or unclear. Medical/surgical masks compared to no masks We included 12 trials (10 cluster‐RCTs) comparing medical/surgical masks versus no masks to prevent the spread of viral respiratory illness (two trials with healthcare workers and 10 in the community). Wearing masks in the community probably makes little or no difference to the outcome of influenza‐like illness (ILI)/COVID‐19 like illness compared to not wearing masks (risk ratio (RR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 1.09; 9 trials, 276,917 participants; moderate‐certainty evidence. Weari...

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Mouthrinses against SARS-CoV-2 – High antiviral effectivity by membrane disruption in vitro translates to mild effects in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Ecological Effects of Daily Antiseptic Treatment on Microbial Composition of Saliva-Grown Microcosm Biofilms and Selection of Resistant Phenotypes

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

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