Mouthwash as a Low-Cost and Safe Specimen Transport Medium for Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing of Cervicovaginal Specimens

Castle, Philip E.; Sadorra, Mark; García, Francisco; Cullen, Allison P.; Lörincz, Attila T.; Mitchell, Amy L.; Whitby, Denise; Chuke, Ronald; Kornegay, Janet R.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0909

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Women were given the opportunity to handle the device during the session and ask questions. Kits were distributed with a reminder card for the next group, collection device (Castle, Aftab, Saint-Jean, & Mendez et al, 2006), a vial of mouthwash as a safe transport medium for the cervicovaginal specimen (Castle et al, 2007), step-by-step written instructions on how to self-collect, and a phone number in case they had questions or experienced any problems using the device at home (Castle et al, 2006). The following day the women discussed their experience using the self-collection device in a group session (Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability and Usability of Self-Collected Sampling for HPV Testing Among African-American Women Living in the Mississippi Delta

Scarinci

Litton

Garcés-Palacio

et al. 2013

Women's Health Issues

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Background HPV DNA testing has been shown to be an effective approach to cervical cancer screening, and self-collection sampling for HPV testing could be a potential alternative to Pap test, provided that women who tested positive by any method get timely follow-up and care. This feasibility study examined acceptability and usability of self-collected sampling for HPV testing among African American (AA) women in the Mississippi Delta in order to inform the development of interventions to promote cervical cancer screening in this population. Methods The study consisted of two phases. Phase I consisted of eight focus groups (N=87) with AA women to explore knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about cervical cancer and HPV infection as well as acceptability of self-collected sampling for HPV testing. In Phase II, we examined the usability of this technology through one discussion group (N=9). The Health Belief Model guided data collection and analysis. Results Although participants perceived themselves as susceptible to cervical cancer and acknowledged its severity, there was a lack of knowledge of the link between HPV and cervical cancer, and they expressed a number of misconceptions. The most frequent barriers to screening included embarrassment, discomfort, and fear of the results. Women in both phases were receptive to self-collection sampling for HPV testing. All participants in the usability phase expressed that self-collection was easy and they did not experience any difficulties. Conclusion Self-collection for HPV testing is an acceptable and feasible method among AA women in the Mississippi Delta to complement current cytology cervical cancer screening programs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability and Usability of Self-Collected Sampling for HPV Testing Among African-American Women Living in the Mississippi Delta

Scarinci

Litton

Garcés-Palacio

et al. 2013

Women's Health Issues

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“…Women were given a kit for self-collection at home, including a self-collection device [20,21] (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6,475,165.PN.&OS=PN/6,475,165&RS=PN/6,475,165) and a vial of Scope™ (Proctor and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA) mouthwash for specimen transport [22]. The self-collection device physically and mechanically resembles a tampon and includes an outer sheath to shield the collection from vaginal contamination and irrelevant vaginal HPV infections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women were instructed to insert the device into their anterior vagina, expose the Dacron collection tip to obtain a sample of cervical cells, retract the tip into the sheath, remove the device, and eject the tip into the transport medium. We used mouthwash as our transport medium to avoid giving kits containing toxic liquid-based cytology medium to our participants to take home [22]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus genotypes detected in clinician-collected and self-collected specimens from women living in the Mississippi Delta

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThere are no data available on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women living in the Mississippi Delta, where cervical cancer incidence and mortality among African American women is among the highest in the United States. The aim of this analysis was to report the age-specific prevalence of HPV in this population.MethodsWe recruited 443 women, 26–65 years of age, from the general population of women living in the Mississippi Delta to participate; 252 women had been screened for cervical cancer within the last 3 years while 191 had not. Women underwent a pelvic exam and had clinician-collected Pap sample taken for the routine cervical cancer screening by cytology. Women were asked to collect a self-collected specimen at home and return it to the clinic. Both specimens were tested for HPV genotypes.ResultsFour hundred and six women (91.6%) had HPV genotyping results for the clinician-collected and self-collected specimens. The prevalence of carcinogenic HPV was 18.0% (95% CI: 14.4%-22.1%) for clinician-collected specimens and 26.8% (95% CI: 22.6%-31.4%) for self-collected specimens. The concordance for the detection of carcinogenic HPV between clinician-collected and self-collected specimens was only fair (kappa = 0.54). While the prevalence of carcinogenic HPV in either sample decreased sharply with increasing age (ptrend< 0.01), the prevalence of non-carcinogenic HPV did not, especially the prevalence of HPV genotypes in the alpha 3/4/15 phylogenetic group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of carcinogenic HPV in our sample of women living in the Mississippi Delta was greater than the prevalence reported in several other U.S. studies. The high carriage of HPV infection, along with lack of participation in cervical cancer screening by some women, may contribute to the high cervical cancer burden in the region.

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“…Women who chose self-collection and HPV testing were given a kit that included a collection device (Castle et al 2006), a vial of mouthwash as a safe transport medium for the cervicovaginal specimen (Castle et al 2007), and written instructions on how to self-collect. The women were also given verbal instructions by the study staff on how to self-collect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative community outreach to increase cervical cancer screening in the Mississippi Delta

Castle¹,

Rausa²,

Walls³

et al. 2011

Preventive Medicine

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Objective To increase participation in cervical cancer screening of under-served women living in the Mississippi Delta, a U.S. population at high risk for cervical cancer Methods We conducted a door-to-door feasibility study of women living in the Mississippi Delta to increase participation in cervical cancer screening in 2009-10. Women (n=119) aged 26-65 years who had not been screened in last 3 years or more, were not pregnant, and had a cervix were offered a choice: clinic-based Pap testing or home self-collection with HPV DNA testing. Results Seventy-seven women (64.7%) chose self-collection with HPV testing, of which 62 (80.5%) returned their self-collected specimen. By comparison, 42 women (35.3%) chose Pap testing, of which 17 (40.5%) attended their clinic appointment. Thus there was an almost 4-fold greater participation of under-screened women in self-collection with HPV testing than in free Pap testing (78.4% vs. 21.5%). Conclusions We found that offering self-collection will increase participation in cervical cancer screening among under-screened populations living in the Mississippi Delta. Based on these preliminary results, we suggest that self-collection with HPV DNA testing might complement current Pap testing programs to reach under-screened populations of women, such as those living in the Mississippi Delta.

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Mouthwash as a Low-Cost and Safe Specimen Transport Medium for Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing of Cervicovaginal Specimens

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Acceptability and Usability of Self-Collected Sampling for HPV Testing Among African-American Women Living in the Mississippi Delta

Acceptability and Usability of Self-Collected Sampling for HPV Testing Among African-American Women Living in the Mississippi Delta

Human papillomavirus genotypes detected in clinician-collected and self-collected specimens from women living in the Mississippi Delta

Comparative community outreach to increase cervical cancer screening in the Mississippi Delta

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