Movement disorders in children: Recent advances in management

Fernández-Álvarez, E

doi:10.1007/s12098-009-0138-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The nonepileptic paroxysmal movements in children have to be recognized and these movements are as common as seizures or may be more than that. 1,2 In a consensus meeting of specialists from clinical and basic scientific fields in 2008, definitions of dystonia, chorea, athetosis, myoclonus, tremor, tics, and stereotypies were established. 3 Most of the clinicians are familiar with the above common movement disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Arm and Hand Movements (Complex Motor Stereotypy) in a Six-Year Boy

Koul

Hora²

2020

Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy

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Abnormal movements are not uncommon in children. Most of these abnormal movements can be defined by the available criteria. Abnormal movements are easily diagnosed in adults. Most of these abnormal movements are well categorized and diagnosed by the defined characteristics. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose an unusual movement disorder in children, particularly if it is rare and there are no investigations to prove the diagnosis. Repetitive arm and hand movements (complex motor stereotypy) is one such disorder which is rare and difficult to diagnose unless seen before. In this case report, we described a 6-year-old boy with this disorder, in whom it took 6 years to diagnose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Arm and Hand Movements (Complex Motor Stereotypy) in a Six-Year Boy

Koul

Hora²

2020

Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy

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“…Essential palatal tremor has been observed in monozygotic male twins, in one of whom symptoms developed at the age of 14 years and in the other at 37 years, suggesting a genetic etiology of the disorder 12. Fernandez-Alvarez13 included essential palatal tremor in the class of transient movement disorders, a heterogeneous group of primary pediatric movement disorders with a limited duration of expression over time, none or mild disability, and a spontaneously fading disorder. The diagnosis is clinical in the absence of biological markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A childhood case of symptomatic essential and psychogenic palatal tremor

Margari¹,

Giannella²,

Lecce³

et al. 2011

NDT

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Palatal tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by rhythmic contractions of the soft palate. It is most often symptomatic, secondary to brainstem or cerebellar disease and, in rarer cases, is categorized as essential in the absence of documented brain lesions. There have also been reports in the literature of cases of palatal tremor described as psychogenic because they were associated with psychological or psychiatric disorders. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy with palatal tremor presenting clinical features of symptomatic essential and psychogenic palatal tremor, thus suggesting a neuropsychopathological continuum between the different forms of disease.

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“…More specific clinical features suggestive of dopamine disorders include dystonia, with fluctuation of symptoms (e.g. diurnal variation), tremor, brisk deep tendon reflexes, oculogyric crises, palpebral ptosis, axial hypotonia, hypersalivation, developmental delay, feeding difficulties, excessive sweating, and temperature instability [3]. These features overlap with clinical symptoms described in other neurological syndromes such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, paroxysmal disorders, and the epileptic encephalopathies, which can make the diagnosis of neurotransmitter disorders challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features and Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Monoamine Neurotransmitter Disorders

Heales

Kurian

2014

Pediatr Drugs

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Childhood neurotransmitter disorders are increasingly recognised as an expanding group of inherited neurometabolic syndromes. They are caused by disturbance in synthesis, metabolism, and homeostasis of the monoamine neurotransmitters, including the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and serotonin. Disturbances in monoamine neurotransmission will lead to neurological symptoms that often overlap with clinical features of other childhood neurological disorders (such as hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, other movement disorders, and paroxysmal conditions); consequently, neurotransmitter disorders are frequently misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of neurotransmitter disorders is made through detailed clinical assessment, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitters, and further supportive diagnostic investigations. Early and accurate diagnosis of neurotransmitter disorders is important, as many are amenable to therapeutic intervention. The principles of treatment for monoamine neurotransmitter disorders are mainly directly derived from understanding these metabolic pathways. In disorders characterized by enzyme deficiency, we aim to increase monoamine substrate availability, boost enzyme co-factor levels, reduce monoamine breakdown, and replace depleted levels of monoamines with pharmacological analogs as clinically indicated. Most monoamine neurotransmitter disorders lead to reduced levels of central dopamine and/or serotonin. Complete amelioration of motor symptoms is achievable in some disorders, such as Segawa’s syndrome, and, in other conditions, significant improvement in quality of life can be attained with pharmacotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical features and current treatment strategies for childhood monoamine neurotransmitter disorders.

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Movement disorders in children: Recent advances in management

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Repetitive Arm and Hand Movements (Complex Motor Stereotypy) in a Six-Year Boy

Repetitive Arm and Hand Movements (Complex Motor Stereotypy) in a Six-Year Boy

A childhood case of symptomatic essential and psychogenic palatal tremor

Clinical Features and Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Monoamine Neurotransmitter Disorders

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