Movement of DDT and its derivatives into the atmosphere

Spencer, W. F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-9863-2_4

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These xenobiotic compounds may then exert their influence on aquatic organisms for many years after their use as insecticides has ended (Spencer, 1975). Since fish occupy a high trophic level in aquatic habitats it is not surprising to find that in some instances concentrations of organochlorines in fish tissues have reached 50 mg/kg or more (Seba & Corcoran, 1969;Johnson, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Suppression by Organochlorines of the Response to Adrenocorticotrophin of the Interrenal Tissue in Sarotherodon Aureus (Teleostei)

Ilan¹,

Yaron²

1980

Journal of Endocrinology

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Superfused interrenal tissue of Sarotherodon aureus responded to ACTH with increased release of cortisol. The response to ACTH of interrenal tissue taken from fish treated with the organochlorine insecticide 1,1-dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p-DDD; 50 mg/kg) in vivo was almost totally abolished. Lower doses were less effective. The response was also suppressed by exposure in vitro of the interrenal tissue to the organochlorine; there seemed to be a dose-response to o,p-DDD over the range of 0.023 to 1 mg/l. Also 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) was effective in suppressing the response to ACTH at concentrations of 50--150 mg/l; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDT) or the polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor 1254, were ineffective at 50 mg/l. No suppressive effect of o,p-DDD on output of cortisol could be detected in superfusion when N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (20 mmol/L) was substituted for ACTH. This may indicate that the interference of o,p-DDD with the interrenal response to ACTH results from an interruption in the generation of cyclic AMP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Degradation of organochlorines is slow and they accumulate in sediments and aquatic organisms (Spencer, 1975;Kilgore & Li, 1976). These xenobiotic compounds may then exert their influence on aquatic organisms for many years after their use as insecticides has ended (Spencer, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression by Organochlorines of the Response to Adrenocorticotrophin of the Interrenal Tissue in Sarotherodon Aureus (Teleostei)

Ilan¹,

Yaron²

1980

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…These and other organochlorines present a hazard (Spencer, 1975). Organochlorine insecticides like DDT, may enter the body of non-target organisms mainly through the food chain (Johnson, 1974;Ware, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference of o,p'DDD with interrenal function and cortisol metabolism in Sarotherodon aureus (Steindachner)

Ilan

Yaron

1983

Journal of Fish Biology

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The purpose of this study was to investigate possible effects of organochlorine residues on cortisol balance in a freshwater fish. The combined stress of netting, handling and blood sampling in Sarotherodon aureus normally results in a twofold increase of circulating cortisol, within 30-60 min. Fish treated with o,p'DDD (50 mg kg-1) had higher resting level of cortisol than before treatment (1 55.8 k 12.7 v. 86.9 f 11.2 ng m1-I; n = 16). No further increase in cortisol level occurred in these fish after exposure to stress; this inability to respond was maintained for more than 120 days. A recovery of the response to ACTH by superfused interrenal tissue from the treated fish was observed 255 days after treatment. Successive blood sampling of o,p'DDD-treated fish, injected intracardially with labelled cortisol, have shown that the half-life of the steroid in the circulation is prolonged by 370% compared with controls. The hepatic metabolism of cortisol was studied by incubating liver slices with the labelled hormone. Hepatic tissue from o,p'DDD-treated fish metabolized cortisol slower than livers from controls. The high resting level of cortisol in plasma of fish treated with o,p'DDD may be attributed to the retarded metabolism of the steroid by the liver. The lack of augmented cortisol levels in response to stress is attributed to the interference of the organochlorine with the response of the interrenal tissue to the stress-induced surge of endogenous ACTH.

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“…Spencer and Cliath (1972) reported that the vapor pressure of p,p'-DDE was several times greater than that of p,p'-DDT, and Cliath and Spencer (1972) reported that DDE was the major DDT component found in the atmosphere over a field which previously received technical DDT. This led to the conclusion that much of the p,p'-DDT in well-aerated soils may be volatilized as p,p'-DDE (Spencer, 1975). Volatilization is a major mechanism for movement of such residues from soil to aboveground plant parts (Nash and Beall, 1970) and volatilization is a major process for movement of residues away from Published in J.…”

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confidence: 99%

DDT Persistence and Volatility as Affected by Management Practices after 23 Years

et al. 1996

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Movement of DDT and its derivatives into the atmosphere

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Suppression by Organochlorines of the Response to Adrenocorticotrophin of the Interrenal Tissue in Sarotherodon Aureus (Teleostei)

Suppression by Organochlorines of the Response to Adrenocorticotrophin of the Interrenal Tissue in Sarotherodon Aureus (Teleostei)

Interference of o,p'DDD with interrenal function and cortisol metabolism in Sarotherodon aureus (Steindachner)

DDT Persistence and Volatility as Affected by Management Practices after 23 Years

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