Movement of Kepone® (Chlordecone) Across an Undisturbed Sediment-Water Interface in Laboratory Systems

Pritchard, P. H.; Monti, Carol A.; O'Neill, Ellen J.; Connolly, John P.; Ahearn, Donald G.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1986)5[647:morcaa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The fitted diffusion coefficient (D m ϭ 2.1 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 m 2 /d) is close to literature values assuming molecular diffusion only [10,18]. This confirms that turbulent dispersion, as found in the cosm experiments described by Pritchard et al [19] and O'Neill et al [20], did not occur in our model ecosystems with a stagnant water layer. The K f value was a factor of three lower than the value measured in the experiment with suspended solids.…”

Section: Accumulation In Microcosm Sedimentsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Modeling the Vertical Distribution of Carbendazim in Sediments

Koelmans¹,

Hubert²,

Koopman³

et al. 2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The sorption, fate, and vertical distribution of the fungicide Derosal with active ingredient carbendazim in sediments were investigated in indoor freshwater microcosms. Carbendazim penetration in the sediment was measured as a function of time and depth. Freundlich sorption parameters were determined by batchwise equilibration of carbendazim in a sediment suspension. Freundlich parameters were K f ϭ 258 g (1Ϫn) L n /kg and n ϭ 0.78. Analysis of different layers of sediment cores showed a slow penetration of carbendazim in the first 6 cm of the sediment in 60 d. The penetration was successfully simulated with a multilayer model accounting for sorption to organic matter (using the measured isotherm), molecular diffusion, biodegradation, and bioturbation. The calibrated model was most sensitive to the parameters for molecular diffusion and sorption in the sediment. Bioturbation did not affect the carbendazim profiles because of carbendazim toxicity for bioturbators. So there was a direct feedback between carbendazim toxicity and fate. The calibrated model was validated using a dataset obtained from another freshwater microcosm.

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Section: Accumulation In Microcosm Sedimentsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Toxicol. Chem 19,. 2000 797 Pore-water carbendazim concentrations in three bed sediment layers as a function of depth and time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Vertical Distribution of Carbendazim in Sediments

Koelmans¹,

Hubert²,

Koopman³

et al. 2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…The applicability of the shake-flask results to the microcosm systems was evaluated by comparing the observed concentrations to values computed from mass balance equations describing the fate of fenthion in the microcosm. These equations form a model of the microcosm that has been applied previously to the fate of Kepone [20]. The equation describing total chemical (dissolved + adsorbed) concentration in the water column is:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Fenthion in Salt-Marsh Environments: Ii. Transport and Biodegradation in Microcosms

O'Neill

Cripe

Mueller

et al. 1989

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The fate of fenthion was examined in laboratory microcosms to describe interaction between sediment and biodegradation in the field. A mathematical model also was calibrated to calculate distribution of fenthion in microcosms. Intact sediment cores, with and without a salt‐marsh plant, Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush), were placed in microcosm vessels to simulate an undisturbed sediment bed of a salt marsh and areas containing Juncus. In a formalin‐sterilized microcosm without plants, fenthion disappeared exponentially from the water column with a half‐life of 105.0 h. Fenthion had a half‐life of 35.5 h in a nonsterile microcosm without plants. In the nonsterile microcosm with plants, the half‐life was slightly shorter, 33.2 h. The sediment was fractionated into 0.5 cm layers. Fenthion was found at greater sediment depths in nonsterile systems than predicted by diffusion and sorption in the sterile microcosm, possibly because of bioturbation. Distribution of fenthion in sediment was not appreciably different between microcosms with and without plants. Fenthion appeared to be biodegraded in the upper (1 to 7 mm) sediment layers.

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“…However, because the microbial ecology of these microcosms is poorly understood, it is extremely difficult to extrapolate data on fate and/or effects of GEMs in these systems to the environment. For xenobiotic compounds, more developed models with natural sediment and water have been described [e.g., 5,19,25,26], but generally only the fate of the pollutant has been monitored and no comparison of ecological processes in the microcosm and the field has been attempted. Cragg and Fry [9], however, compared effects of herbicide treatment on bacteria and water chemistry in microcosms with published field studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial trophic interactions in aquatic microcosms designed for testing genetically engineered microorganisms: A field comparison

Kroer¹,

Coffin

1992

Microb Ecol

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Microcosms may potentially be used as tools for evaluating the fate and effects of genetically engineered microorganisms released into the environment. Extrapolation of data to the field, however, requires that the correspondence between microcosm and field is known. Microbial trophic interactions within the microbial loop were compared quantitatively and qualitatively between field and microcosms containing estuarine water with and without intact sediment cores. The comparison showed that whereas proportions between trophic levels in microcosms were qualitatively similar to those in the field, rates of microbial processes were from 25 to 40% lower in microcosms. Nitrogen cycling was disrupted in microcosms incubated in the dark to eliminate primary production. Examination of the microbial parameters further suggests that sediment in microcosms may be an important factor regulating the bacterial trophic level. These results demonstrate that analysis of microbial trophic interactions is a sensitive method for the field comparison of aquatic microcosms and a potentially useful tool in the risk assessment of genetically engineered microorganisms.

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Movement of Kepone® (Chlordecone) Across an Undisturbed Sediment-Water Interface in Laboratory Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Modeling the Vertical Distribution of Carbendazim in Sediments

Modeling the Vertical Distribution of Carbendazim in Sediments

Fate of Fenthion in Salt-Marsh Environments: Ii. Transport and Biodegradation in Microcosms

Microbial trophic interactions in aquatic microcosms designed for testing genetically engineered microorganisms: A field comparison

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