Movement of Water through Soils in Relation to the Nature of the Pores

Nelson, W. R.; Baver, L. D.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1941.036159950005000c0013x

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversely, the air capacity of compacted soils with large available-water capacities could be increased by reducing the bulk density to a value corresponding to an acceptable available-water capacity. In very compacted soils a decrease in bulk density will benefit both available-water capacity and air capacity.It has been suggested (Nelson and Baver, 1940;Smith et al, 1944;Bendixen and Slater, 1947; Marshall, 1958) that air capacity at 50 mb season. Air capacity is a T so often defined at 50 mb tension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Relation Between Bulk Density, Available Water Capacity, and Air Capacity of Soils

Archer¹,

Smith²

1972

Journal of Soil Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of bulk density on moisture content at 5 0 mb tension in four soils of different textures was studied. The volumetric water content increased linearly with bulk density over a wide range of densities. Depending on texture, a maximum bulk density was reached above which continued compaction decreased the water content. This is shown to be the point at which the air capacity of the soil at this tension approaches zero. Accepting that the gravimetric wilting point depends mainly on texture, the available water capacity varies in a manner similar to the 50 mb water content.If the relationships described are valid in the field, the available water capacity and air capacity may be optimized using cultivation techniques to adjust the bulk density. The available water capacity of coarse-textured droughty soils may be increased by increasing the bulk density providedthat the air capacity remains above acceptable lower l i m i t s (10-15 per cent). Conversely, the air capacity of compacted soils with large available-water capacities could be increased by reducing the bulk density to a value corresponding to an acceptable available-water capacity. In very compacted soils a decrease in bulk density will benefit both available-water capacity and air capacity.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested (Nelson and Baver, 1940;Smith et al, 1944;Bendixen and Slater, 1947; Marshall, 1958) that air capacity at 50 mb season. Air capacity is a T so often defined at 50 mb tension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation Between Bulk Density, Available Water Capacity, and Air Capacity of Soils

Archer¹,

Smith²

1972

Journal of Soil Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the contributions of the two have not been measured or estimated for WS3, we believe that mesopore flow dominates or at least is an important component of stormflow. Drainage through mesopores, which have a pressure range of 0Ð3 to 30 kPa (Luxmoore, 1981), can occur rapidly (Ritchie et al, 1972;Shaffer et al, 1979) in vertical and/or lateral directions, particularly in the non-capillary range of 0Ð3 to 3 kPa (Nelson and Baver, 1940). Contributing and interconnected mesopore flow also probably means:…”

Section: Watershed Ws3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseflow and peakflow chemical responses to experimental applications of ammonium sulphate to forested watersheds in north‐central West Virginia, USA

Edwards

Wood

Kochenderfer

2002

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Stream water was analysed to determine how induced watershed acidification changed the chemistry of peakflow and baseflow and to compare the relative timing of these changes. Two watersheds in north-central West Virginia, WS3 and WS9, were subjected to three applications of ammonium sulphate fertilizer per year to induce acidification. A third watershed, WS4, was the control. Samples were collected for 8 years from WS9 and for 9 years from WS3. Prior to analyses, concentration data were flow adjusted, and the influence of natural background changes was removed by accounting for the chemical responses measured from WS4. This yielded residual values that were evaluated using robust locally weighted regression and Mann-Kendall tests. On WS3, analyte responses during baseflow and peakflow were similar, although peakflow responses occurred soon after the first treatment whereas baseflow responses lagged 1-2 years. This lag in baseflow responses corresponded well with the mean transit time of baseflow on WS3. Anion adsorption on WS3 apparently delayed increases in SO 4 leaching, but resulted in enhanced early leaching losses of Cl and NO 3 . Leaching of Ca and Mg was strongly tied, both by timing and stoichiometrically, to NO 3 and SO 4 leaching. F-factors for WS3 baseflow and peakflow indicated that the catchment was insensitive to acid neutralizing capacity reductions both before and during treatment, although NO 3 played a large role in reducing the treatment period F-factor. By contrast, the addition of fertilizer to WS9 created an acid sensitive system in both baseflow and peakflow. On WS9, baseflow and peakflow responses also were similar to each other, but there was no time lag after treatment for baseflow. Changes in concentrations generally were not as great on WS9 as on WS3, and several ions showed no significant changes, particularly for peakflow. The lesser response to treatment on WS9 is attributed to the past abusive farming and site preparation before larch planting that resulted in poor soil fertility, erosion, and consequently, physical and chemical similarities between upper and lower soil layers. Even with fertilizer-induced NO 3 and SO 4 leaching increases, base cations were in low supplies and, therefore, unavailable to leach via charge pairing. The absence of a time lag in treatment responses for WS9 baseflow indicates that it has substantially different flow paths than WS3. The different hydrologies on these nearby watersheds illustrates the importance of understanding watershed hydrology when establishing a monitoring programme to detect ecosystem change. Published in

show abstract

“…Procedure--There are two approaches to this task; (1) The direct measurement of permeability in the laboratory by using samples of the material prepared by some standard method or by taking undisturbed core samples; (2) the indirect measurement of permeability in the laboratory from analyses of the physical properties of the materials. Investigations of this nature have been and are being undertaken; however, no methods have been perfected to the extent that they may be uni versally applied to all localities and conditions without prior measurements of the permeabilities and comparison with these tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of this nature have been and are being undertaken; however, no methods have been perfected to the extent that they may be uni versally applied to all localities and conditions without prior measurements of the permeabilities and comparison with these tests. Some of these endeavors have employed moisture equivalent, mechanical analyses [see 1 of "References" at end of paper], percentage of clay, moisture percent age retained against a specified tension or tensions [2], the moisture desorption flex point, and many others. Some workers have introduced values, such as moisture equivalent, directly into a tilespacing formula [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil‐permeability as a criterion for drainage‐design

Aronovici

Donnan

1946

Eos Trans. AGU

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The design of drainage facilities for agricultural land requires quantitative evaluation of (1) the water involved; (2) the permeability of the materials through which the water flows; (3) the dimensions of the aquifer; and (4) the position of the water table. This paper details techniques utilized in the determination of the coefficient of permeability in the laboratory and in the field. It further presents the need for rapid techniques of indirect determination of permeability, but recognizes the limitations of this method. The application of the coefficient of permeability in the analysis of a drainage problem or facility is outlined, and a formula for the spacing of tile‐drains utilizing the coefficient of permeability is presented.

show abstract

Movement of Water through Soils in Relation to the Nature of the Pores

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

The Relation Between Bulk Density, Available Water Capacity, and Air Capacity of Soils

The Relation Between Bulk Density, Available Water Capacity, and Air Capacity of Soils

Baseflow and peakflow chemical responses to experimental applications of ammonium sulphate to forested watersheds in north‐central West Virginia, USA

Soil‐permeability as a criterion for drainage‐design

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About