Movement patterns of Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus during breeding and post-breeding periods at Qinghai Lake, China

Cui, Peng; Hou, Yuansheng; Tang, Mingjie; Zhang, Haiting; Zhou, Yuanchun; Yin, Zhaohua; Li, Tianxian; Guo, Shan; Zhi, Xiefei; He, Yong; Prosser, Diann J.; Newman, Scott H.; Takekawa, John Y.; Yan, Binbin; Lei, Fumin

doi:10.1007/s10336-010-0552-6

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study, we find no evidence to support a general paradigm of extreme high-altitude migration (.8000 m), although there were a couple of flights over 6000 m altitude for short periods of time. Geese in this rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc R Soc B 280: 20122114 study comprised two major wintering aggregations and two breeding populations, of which one, Qinghai province in China, hosts almost one-third of the world's nesting population for this species [2,3,5,6]. This suggests that a major portion of the global population of bar-headed geese (.17 000 individuals) might be expected to be found along this flyway [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant proportion of the world's bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) make biannual migrations between breeding areas in Mongolia, northern China and the Tibetan Plateau (latitude between 298N and 378N, mean elevation of 4800 m) and wintering areas in India, crossing the Himalayan mountains (along the southern edge of the Tibetan plateau) en route [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. This species has become renowned for a paradigm of extreme high-altitude migration, being frequently cited as flying regularly above 8000 m [4,7, following the original report of observation of birds over the summits of the Himalayas [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geeseAnser indicus

et al. 2013

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Bar-headed geese are renowned for migratory flights at extremely high altitudes over the world's tallest mountains, the Himalayas, where partial pressure of oxygen is dramatically reduced while flight costs, in terms of rate of oxygen consumption, are greatly increased. Such a mismatch is paradoxical, and it is not clear why geese might fly higher than is absolutely necessary. In addition, direct empirical measurements of high-altitude flight are lacking. We test whether migrating bar-headed geese actually minimize flight altitude and make use of favourable winds to reduce flight costs. By tracking 91 geese, we show that these birds typically travel through the valleys of the Himalayas and not over the summits. We report maximum flight altitudes of 7290 m and 6540 m for southbound and northbound geese, respectively, but with 95 per cent of locations received from less than 5489 m. Geese travelled along a route that was 112 km longer than the great circle (shortest distance) route, with transit ground speeds suggesting that they rarely profited from tailwinds. Bar-headed geese from these eastern populations generally travel only as high as the terrain beneath them dictates and rarely in profitable winds. Nevertheless, their migration represents an enormous challenge in conditions where humans and other mammals are only able to operate at levels well below their sea-level maxima.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geeseAnser indicus

et al. 2013

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“…Note that the birds stayed for a longer time in one to two preferential stopover areas close to the breeding patch before departing for the autumn migration. These long stopovers in the early stage of the autumn migration could be explained by the clement weather in late September and early October when they finish moulting (Cui et al 2010). Based on these numbers, we discuss the model of patches P 0 to P 12 with longer stopover durations during the autumn migration compared with that of the spring and with migration parameters in table 1.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1

Bourouiba

Newman

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Virulent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2005 have raised the question about the roles of migratory and wild birds in the transmission of HPAI. Despite increased monitoring, the role of wild waterfowl as the primary source of the highly pathogenic H5N1 has not been clearly established. The impact of outbreaks of HPAI among species of wild birds which are already endangered can nevertheless have devastating consequences for the local and non-local ecology where migratory species are established. Understanding the entangled dynamics of migration and the disease dynamics will be key to prevention and control measures for humans, migratory birds and poultry. Here, we present a spatial dynamic model of seasonal migration derived from first principles and linking the local dynamics during migratory stopovers to the larger scale migratory routes. We discuss the effect of repeated epizootic at specific migratory stopovers for bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). We find that repeated deadly outbreaks of H5N1 on stopovers during the autumn migration of bar-headed geese could lead to a larger reduction in the size of the equilibrium bird population compared with that obtained after repeated outbreaks during the spring migration. However, the opposite is true during the first few years of transition to such an equilibrium. The age-maturation process of juvenile birds which are more susceptible to H5N1 reinforces this result.

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“…In recent ecological research studies, satellite tracking technologies have played a significant role in the investigation of animal movement dynamics in large spatial and temporal scales; the use of these technologies has become a popular method for remotely clarifying animal behaviors (Bridge et al . 2011, Cui et al . 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for discovering behavior patterns among animal movements

Wang

Luo

Takekawa

et al. 2015

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

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Advanced satellite tracking technologies enable biologists to track animal movements at fine spatial and temporal scales. The resultant data present opportunities and challenges for understanding animal behavioral mechanisms. In this paper, we develop a new method to elucidate animal movement patterns from tracking data. Here, we propose the notion of continuous behavior patterns as a concise representation of popular migration routes and underlying sequential behaviors during migration. Each stage in the pattern is characterized in terms of space (i.e., the places traversed during movements) and time (i.e. the time spent in those places); that is, the behavioral state corresponding to a stage is inferred according to the spatiotemporal and sequential context. Hence, the pattern may be interpreted predictably. We develop a candidate generation and refinement framework to derive all continuous behavior patterns from raw trajectories. In the framework, we first define the representative spots to denote the underlying potential behavioral states that are extracted from individual trajectories according to the similarity of relaxed continuous locations in certain distinct time intervals. We determine the common behaviors of multiple individuals according to the spatiotemporal proximity of representative spots and apply a projection-based extension approach to generate candidate sequential behavior sequences as candidate patterns. Finally, the candidate generation procedure is combined with a refinement procedure to derive continuous behavior patterns. We apply an ordered processing strategy to accelerate candidate refinement. The proposed patterns and discovery framework are evaluated through conceptual experiments on both real GPS-tracking and large synthetic datasets.

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Movement patterns of Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus during breeding and post-breeding periods at Qinghai Lake, China

Abstract: The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geeseAnser indicus

The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geeseAnser indicus

Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1

A new method for discovering behavior patterns among animal movements

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