Movements of Harpy Eagles<i>Harpia harpyja</i>during their first two years after hatching

Muñiz-López, Ruth; Limiñana, Rubén; Cortés, Gonzalo D.; Urios, Vicente

doi:10.1080/00063657.2012.722190

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We were able to quantify the development of mobility using tracking data alone, however, providing a useful method for other studies where direct observation is not possible or practical. While these previous studies likely broadly relate to the ontogenic phase we describe in this study, there has been to our knowledge no attempt to quantify similarly the development of movements for species with a prolonged PFDP, although species such as the common buzzard Buteo buteo, Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata and large eagles such as harpy eagle Harpia harpja have prolonged PFDP that is likely longer than the expected ontogenic phase alone (Walls and Kenward 1995, Cadahía et al 2008, Muñiz-López et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The ability to start flying at fledging does not imply that flight ability cannot further improve as muscles, feathers and skills continue to develop (Ferrer 1992a, b). Even within birds that have altricial young, there is a large variation in the degree of parental care, from it ceasing prior to fledging in some seabirds (Szekely et al 2000, Harding et al 2004, to extended post-fledging feeding and tolerance in the parental territory in some raptors (Walls and Kenward 1996, Muñiz-López et al 2012, Weston et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of flight capability to the post‐fledging dependence period of golden eagles

Weston

Whitfield²,

Travis

et al. 2018

Journal of Avian Biology

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The period prior to an individual emigrating from its natal site and initiating dispersal is important for developing the skills that are ultimately required for surviving natal dispersal. Using a novel method to quantify the early movements of 35 juvenile golden eagles fitted with satellite transmitters, we hypothesised that variation in golden eagles' post-fledging dependence period (PFDP) was determined by variation in how quickly movement skills were acquired in order to become independent and disperse. Twenty nine young eagles exhibited an initial increase in mobility ('ontogenic phase') levelling off after a median of 68 d, followed by a period of maintained mobility ('maintained phase') that lasted a median of 99 d (range 24-176). Eagles that developed their mobility more quickly during the ontogenic phase had a correspondingly shorter ontogenic phase. Despite this, most of the inter-individual variation in the length of the PFDP resulted from variation in the length of the 'maintained phase'. In general, females (the larger sex) developed more slowly and had a longer ontogenic phase. Males exhibited dispersal strategies around two modes with some dispersing early (mode 1: 89.5 d) and others late (mode 2: 220 d). In contrast females dispersed around a unimodal distribution of timing (mode 167.5 d). Apart from six individuals (mostly males) which dispersed with no discernible maintained phase, most offspring remained in the parental home range after they were fully mobile, even those that developed mobility quickly, suggesting that the PFDP in golden eagles is not simply a function of physical capacity for independence, but also a period when young eagles decide to remain, and are tolerated by parents, in their parental home range before dispersing. We suggest that delaying dispersal may be a beneficial strategy for young raptors facing a competitive environment after PFDP. Article

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of flight capability to the post‐fledging dependence period of golden eagles

Weston

Whitfield²,

Travis

et al. 2018

Journal of Avian Biology

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“…The other two nests that had already been isolated by vegetation removal will be completely inundated. The juveniles, which usually stay close to and use the nest for up two years (Muñiz-López et al, 2012), will suffer with the lack of perching trees. Thus, mitigation action of reinstalling perches near the forest remnant has been recommended (45b- Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aguiar-Silva et al (2011), working in the Brazilian Amazon, in areas with a mosaic of managed forest, illegal timber extraction and agricultural fields, estimated the average distance between nests as 8 km (range 5-12 km). In one Ecuadorian locality, the young stayed until two years of age within a radius of 1.3 km of the nest, within the parents' territory (Muñiz-López et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Harpy and Crested Eagles from a reservoir-impact area in the Low- and Mid-Xingu River

Sanaiotti

Junqueira²,

Palhares

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Biol.

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In the Brazilian Amazon, two monospecific genera, the Harpy Eagle and Crested Eagle have low densities and are classified by IUCN as Near Threatened due to habitat loss, deforestation, habitat degradation and hunting. In this study, we evaluate occurrence of these large raptors using the environmental surveys database from Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. Integrating the dataset from two methods, we plotted a distribution map along the Xingu River, including records over a 276-km stretch of river. Terrestrial surveys (RAPELD method) were more efficient for detecting large raptors than standardized aquatic surveys, although the latter were complementary in areas without modules. About 53% of the records were obtained during activities of wildlife rescue/flushing, vegetation suppression or in transit. Between 2012 and 2014, four Harpy Eagles were removed from the wild; two shooting victims, one injured by collision with power lines and one hit by a vehicle. Also, seven nests were mapped. The mean distance between Harpy Eagle records was 15 km along the river channel, with a mean of 20 km between nests near the channel, which allowed us to estimate 20 possible pairs using the alluvial forest, riverine forest and forest fragments. Territories of another ten pairs will probably be affected by inundation of the Volta Grande channel, which is far from the main river. The average distance between Crested Eagle records was 16 km along the river channel. The only nest found was 1.3 km away from a Harpy Eagle nest. The remnant forests are under threat of being replaced by cattle pastures, so we recommend that permanently protected riparian vegetation borders (APP) be guaranteed, and that forest fragments within 5 km of the river be conserved to maintain eagle populations.Keywords: neotropical raptors, Amazon, hydroelectric power plant, environmental impact, Accipitridae. Abundância de Gavião-real e Gavião-real falso numa área sob impacto de reservatório no Baixo e Médio rio XinguResumo Na Amazônia brasileira dois gêneros mono-específicos, Harpia e Morphnus, caracterizam-se por baixa densidade e estão classificados pelo IUCN como Quase Ameaçados, porém ocorrem sobre grande parte do território nacional, suas principais ameaças são a fragmentação florestal, a degradação de hábitat e a caça. Neste estudo avaliamos a abundância destas duas grandes aves de rapina utilizando a base de dados dos programas ambientais da UHE BeloBraz.

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“…Squirrel monkeys exhibit a wide antipredatory repertoire, including vigilance, alarm-calls, changes in group size and habitat use, and the formation of mixed-species groups (Terborgh 1983;Boinski et al 2003). Despite all of these complex anti-predatory strategies, our study subject was able to hunt a monkey before reaching the dispersion age (Muñiz-López et al 2012). The juvenile was seen for the last time approximately six months (January 13 th , 2018) after its first assumed successful attack.…”

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confidence: 97%

Insights into the development of a juvenile harpy eagle’s hunting skills

Cavalcante

Tuyama²,

Mourthé

2019

Acta Amaz.

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The post-fledging period is of paramount importance for raptors, since this is when a juvenile develops its hunting skills and gains the abilities required in adulthood and independence through dispersal. Little is known however, about this stage in the lives of raptors such as harpy eagles, Harpia harpyja. Between March 2016 and July 2017, we recorded three predation attempts on groups of primates by a wild juvenile harpy eagle in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia, including the first predation of an adult squirrel monkey, Saimiri ustus. These sequential records give insights into the gradual development of hunting skills during the post-fledging period, similar to what has been reported for other birds of prey. We hypothesize that a link between developing flight skills, decreasing parental food provisioning and increasingly successful captures triggers adulthood and independence in harpy eagles. Considerações sobre o desenvolvimento da habilidade de caça de um gavião-real juvenil RESUMOO período pós-emplumagem é de suma importância para os rapinantes, pois é quando um jovem desenvolve a habilidade de caça necessária na idade adulta e a independência por meio da dispersão. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre esse estágio na vida de rapinantes como o gavião-real, Harpia harpyja. Entre março 2016 e julho 2017, três tentativas de predação sobre grupos de primatas por um gavião-real juvenil foram registradas no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira, incluindo a primeira predação de um macaco-de-cheiro adulto, Saimiri ustus. Estes registros sequenciais indicam um desenvolvimento gradual da habilidade de caça ao longo do período de pós-emplumagem, de forma similar ao relatado para outros rapinantes. Hipotetizamos que a associação entre o desenvolvimento da habilidade de voo, diminuição do provisionamento pelos pais e aumento da taxa de capturas bem-sucedidas promove a maturidade e independência no gavião-real. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: comportamento de caça, rapinantes juvenis, interações predador-presa, forrageio, Harpia harpyja CITE AS: Cavalcante, T.; Tuyama, C.A.; Mourthe, I. 2019. Insights into the development of a juvenile harpy eagle' s hunting skills. Acta Amazonica 49: 114-117.

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Movements of Harpy EaglesHarpia harpyjaduring their first two years after hatching

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

The contribution of flight capability to the post‐fledging dependence period of golden eagles

The contribution of flight capability to the post‐fledging dependence period of golden eagles

Abundance of Harpy and Crested Eagles from a reservoir-impact area in the Low- and Mid-Xingu River

Insights into the development of a juvenile harpy eagle’s hunting skills

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