Movements upon movements: Refugee and activist struggles to open the Balkan route to Europe

El‐Shaarawi, Nadia; Razsa, Maple

doi:10.1080/02757206.2018.1530668

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the social sciences literature, humanitarianism has been broadly studied as a depoliticized instrument serving emergency approaches to govern “crisis” (Fassin & Pandolfi, 2010) and to implement restrictive migration and border control policies (Andersson, 2017; Feldman & Ticktin, 2010; Pallister-Wilkins, 2015). Recently some scholars have highlighted another political facet of humanitarianism: the rise of citizens-based grassroots organizations committed in various humanitarian activities in the borderscapes and in solidarity with migrants (El-Shaarawi & Razsa, 2019; Vandevoordt, 2019). This network of diversified civil humanitarian actors challenge through their activity the European deterrence-oriented governmental policies at the borders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescuing Migrants in the Central Mediterranean: The Emergence of a New Civil Humanitarianism at the Maritime Border

Esperti

2019

American Behavioral Scientist

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The Central Mediterranean is the most deadly body of water in the Mediterranean Sea with at least 15,062 fatalities recorded by International Organization of Migration between 2014 and 2018. This article aims at highlighting the rise of a variety of new civil society actors engaged in the rescue of people undertaking dangerous journeys across the sea in the attempt of reaching the southern European shores. The peculiarity of the humanitarian space at sea and its political relevance are pointed out to illustrate the unfolding of the maritime border management on the Central Mediterranean route and its relation with the activity of the civil society rescue vessels. The theoretical aspiration of the article is to question the role of a proactive civil humanitarianism at sea, discussing the emergence of different political and social meanings around humanitarianism at the EU’s southern maritime border. In recent years, the increasing presence of new citizens-based organizations at sea challenges the nexus between humanitarian and emergency approaches adopted to implement security-oriented policies. This essay draws on the findings of a broader comparative work on a variety of civil society actors engaged in the search and rescue operations on the maritime route between Libya and Europe, focusing in particular on Italy as country of first arrival. The fieldwork covers a period of time going between 2016 and 2018. The research methodology is built on a multisited ethnography, the conduct of semidirective and informal interviews with both state and nonstate actors, and the analysis of various reports unraveling the social and political tensions around rescue at sea on the Central Mediterranean route.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescuing Migrants in the Central Mediterranean: The Emergence of a New Civil Humanitarianism at the Maritime Border

Esperti

2019

American Behavioral Scientist

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“…The “Balkan Route” or the “Western Balkan Route”—as described by Frontex (El‐Sharaawi and Razsa 2019)—came to prominence as immigration to Europe peaked during 2015. Our fieldwork indicates that the Balkan Route was initially an alternative to the more dangerous sea routes.…”

Section: Violent “Pushbacks” At the Croatia–bosnia Bordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Liberal Violence and the Racial Borders of the European Union

et al. 2020

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This paper examines how racial violence underpins the European Union's border regime. Drawing on two case studies, in northern France and the Balkans, we explore how border violence manifests in divergent ways: from the direct physical violence which is routine in Croatia, to more subtle forms of violence evident in the governance of migrants and refugees living informally in Calais, closer to Europe's geopolitical centre. The use of violence against people on the move sits uncomfortably with the liberal, post-racial self-image of the European Union. Drawing upon the work of postcolonial scholars and theories of violence, we argue that the various violent technologies used by EU states against migrants embodies the inherent logics of liberal governance, whilst also reproducing liberalism's tendency to overlook its racial limitations. By interrogating how and why border violence manifests we draw critical attention to the racialised ideologies within which it is predicated. This paper characterises the EU border regime as a form of "liberal violence" that seeks to elide both its violent nature and its racial underpinnings.

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“…From the autonomy of migration perspective, the force of human mobility not only disrupted but overtly contested the fortified EU migration regime provoking a crisis of EU borders and Europe itself (De Genova, 2017). Vivid ethnographic accounts record the force of movement, the disparate field of actors and the role of activist groups that moved as vigorously as the border-crossers (Kallius et al, 2016;Papataxiarchis, 2016a, b;El-Shaarawi & Razsa, 2019). The Balkan route lends itself to an anthropological approach of the road and mobility, their particular spatialities and temporalities (Dalakoglou & Harvey, 2012).…”

Section: Shifting Border Temporalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waiting and the Temporalities of Irregular Migration

Jacobsen¹,

Karlsen²,

Khosravi³

2020

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Waiting and the Temporalities of Irregular Migration This edited volume approaches waiting both as a social phenomenon that proliferates in irregularised forms of migration and as an analytical perspective on migration processes and practices. Waiting as an analytical perspective offers new insights into the complex and shifting nature of processes of bordering, belonging, state power, exclusion and inclusion, and social relations in irregular migration. The chapters in this book address legal, bureaucratic, ethical, gendered, and affective dimensions of time and migration. A key concern is to develop more theoretically robust approaches to waiting in migration as constituted in and through multiple and relational temporalities. The chapters highlight how waiting is configured in specific legal, material, and socio-cultural situations, as well as how migrants encounter, incorporate, and resist temporal structures. This collection includes ethnographic and other empirically based material, as well as theorizing that cross-cut disciplinary boundaries. It will be relevant to scholars from anthropology and sociology, and others interested in temporalities, migration, borders, and power.

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Movements upon movements: Refugee and activist struggles to open the Balkan route to Europe

Cited by 68 publications

References 29 publications

Rescuing Migrants in the Central Mediterranean: The Emergence of a New Civil Humanitarianism at the Maritime Border

Rescuing Migrants in the Central Mediterranean: The Emergence of a New Civil Humanitarianism at the Maritime Border

Liberal Violence and the Racial Borders of the European Union

Waiting and the Temporalities of Irregular Migration

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