Movers and shakers

Mills, Susan; Shanahan, Fergus; Stanton, Catherine; Hill, Colin; Coffey, Aidan; Ross, R. Paul

doi:10.4161/gmic.22371

Cited by 210 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Bacterial diversity is markedly decreased in fecal samples of patients with recurrent CDI; these often contain increased proportions of members of the Enterobacteraceae family of γ- Proteobacteria and reduced proportions of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. 40, 41, 47 FMT promptly restores normal, donor-like composition of intestinal microbiota dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and containing diminished proportion of γ- Proteobacteria . 40, 41, 48 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…40, 41, 47 FMT promptly restores normal, donor-like composition of intestinal microbiota dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and containing diminished proportion of γ- Proteobacteria . 40, 41, 48 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…6 This syndrome is associated with progressive patient exhaustion and can facilitate acquisition of new infections, as new pathogens emerge during continuous antibiotic administration. 39, 40 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Stool Transplants to Next-Generation Microbiota Therapeutics

2014

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The epidemic of Clostridium difficile infection fueled by new virulent strains of the organism has led to increased use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The procedure is effective for even the most desperate cases, after failure of multiple courses of antibiotics. The approach recognizes microbiota to be integral to normal human physiology, and microbiota being used in FMT represents a new class of therapeutics. Imbalance in the composition and altered activity of the microbiota are associated with many diseases. Consequently, there is growing interest in applying FMT to non-C. difficile indications. However, this may succeed only if microbiota therapeutics are developed systematically, based on mechanistic understanding, and applying updo-date principles of microbial ecology. We discuss two pathways in development of this new therapeutic class: whole microbial communities separated from donor stool and an assembly of specific fecal microorganisms grown in vitro.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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From Stool Transplants to Next-Generation Microbiota Therapeutics

2014

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“…However, the approach, as it relies on prokaryotic ORF prediction, is biased towards the identification of bacteriophages. Of note, bacteriophages have been shown to play important roles in the dynamics of the human intestinal microbiome in health and disease [65], and have been suggested to promote dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease [66]. Due to their potential roles in intestinal disease and their putative use as biomarkers, the need to include virome analyses in human microbiome projects has been expressed [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiome of a Recovered <b><i>Clostridium difficile</i></b> Patient after Fecal Transplantation

et al. 2013

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Background:Clostridium difficile infections upon antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota are potentially lethal. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising treatment option for recurrent C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Here, we present a patient with recurrent CDAD that received FMT, leading to full recovery for what has now been 3 years. We performed metagenomic sequencing on stool samples to assess if there are indications for recolonization with C. difficile and changes in the gut microbiota after FMT. Methods: DNA from the stool of the donor and recipient was subjected to illumina sequencing. Obtained read sets were assembled to contiguous sequences and open reading frames were predicted. Deduced proteins were taxonomically assigned. Results: We detected complex and apparently healthy microbiomes in the donor's and recipient's intestines after FMT, but no indications for C. difficile colonization. Conclusions: Metagenomic analysis proved suitable to analyze the intestinal microbiome after FMT. Discussion of our evaluation procedure and data management may be helpful for future studies. We demonstrated restoration of a healthy and diverse gut microbiome with chimeric composition from donor and recipient, and long-lasting clearance of C. difficile. The procedure is simple, cheap, caused no side effects, and was stable over 3 years.

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“…A prime example is that the mouse helminth Trichuris muris requires the presence of the intestinal bacteria for egg hatching (105), and helminth colonization in humans is associated with increased diversity in the bacterial composition of the gastrointestinal tract (106). Bacteriophages can also shape the intestinal bacterial community through horizontal transfer of virulence factors and selective killing of individual species (97, 107-109), but what about interactions between eukaryotic viruses and bacteria? The pathogenic effect of MNV in Atg16L1 HM mice is dependent on commensal bacteria, and poliovirus, reovirus, and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) exploit the presence of intestinal bacteria for viral propagation (110-112).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy, viruses, and intestinal immunity

Kernbauer¹,

Cadwell²

2014

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of review To highlight recent findings that identify an essential role for the cellular degradative pathway of autophagy in governing a balanced response to intestinal pathogens and commensals. Recent findings Following the genetic association of autophagy with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility, increasing evidence indicate that this pathway functions in various epithelial lineages to support the intestinal barrier. New studies are also revealing that autophagy proteins dictate the quality and magnitude of immune responses. Mouse models in particular suggest that autophagy and IBD susceptibility genes regulate inflammatory responses to viruses, a finding that coincides with an increasing appreciation that viruses have intricate interactions with the host and the microbiota beyond the obvious host-pathogen relationship. Summary Autophagy and other immunological or stress response pathways intersect in mucosal immunity to dictate the response to pathogenic and commensal agents. The development of novel treatment strategies as well as prognostic and diagnostic tools for gastrointestinal disorders will be greatly facilitated by a deeper understanding of these interactions at the cell type and microbe-specific manner, which includes less appreciated components of the microbiota such as eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses.

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Movers and shakers

Cited by 210 publications

References 138 publications

From Stool Transplants to Next-Generation Microbiota Therapeutics

From Stool Transplants to Next-Generation Microbiota Therapeutics

Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiome of a Recovered <b><i>Clostridium difficile</i></b> Patient after Fecal Transplantation

Autophagy, viruses, and intestinal immunity

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