“…Hardware for the shunt, transmit, and receive modes is similar and usually consists of an oscillator connected to the transmit electrode to generate an electric field, and an amplifier and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) connected to the receive electrode. In loading mode, [42,64,132,162] →Ink [59,57,58] →Paint [18] →Metalization [208] Gold -non-corrosive, skin-friendly →Gold leaf [98] →Gold coating [11] Aluminum -flexible, high availability →Foil [70,147,196,202] →Mylar [190] Silver -non-corrosive, flexible →Ink [76,87,105,108,203]+ →Thread/Yarn [185] →Plate [67] Carbon -enabling electrical conductivity →Ink [203] →Carbon-filled PDMS (cPDMS) [217] →Filament [20,123,177] ITO -transparent electrodes [64,119,199] Anisotropic materials -directing e-fields →Anisotropic 'Zebra' tape [91] →Anisotropic 'Zebra' rubber [24] Other materials →Water [41,173] & Plants [153] →Ionized gas [72] →Metal objects [43,68,173,207,226]+ →Electro-optic crystal [...…”