Moving Beyond Two Goals: An Integrative Review and Framework for the Study of Multiple Goals

Kung, Franki Y. H.; Scholer, Abigail A.

doi:10.1177/1088868320985810

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(250 reference statements)

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“…Setting goals with multiple family members undeniably means touching upon parents' childrearing practices or their own food or physical activity habits, which can be sensitive issues for the professional to address. To be able to use the family engagement tool as intended ( 42 ), more research is needed to examine which skills are needed to navigate such complexities entailing multiple and interrelated care needs and goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of a Family-Engagement Approach to Increase Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Well-Being in Children and Their Parents

Crone

Slagboom

Overmars

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Prevention programs often are directed at either parents or children separately, thereby ignoring the intergenerational aspect of health and well-being. Engaging the family is likely to improve both the uptake and long-term impact of health behavior change. We integrated an intergenerational approach into a frequently used shared assessment tool for children's care needs. The current study's aim was 2-fold: to monitor this family-engagement tool's effects on both children and their parents' health behaviors and well-being, and to examine the different dynamics of health behavioral change within a family.Method: We followed 12 children ages 10–14 years and their parents for 12 weeks using an explanatory mixed-methods design comprising interviews, questionnaires, and an n-of-1 study. During home visits at the beginning and end of the study, we interviewed children and their parents about their expectations and experiences, and measured their height and weight. Furthermore, we collected secondary data, such as notes from phone and email conversations with parents, as well as evaluation forms from professionals. In the n-of-1 study, families were prompted three times a week to describe their day and report on their vegetable intake, minutes of exercise, health behavior goals, and psychosomatic well-being. The interviews, notes, and evaluation forms were analyzed using qualitative content analyses. For the n-of-1 study, we performed multi-level time-series analyses across all families to assess changes in outcomes after consulting the family-engagement tool. Using regression analyses with autocorrelation correction, we examined changes within individual families.Results: Five child-mother dyads and three child-mother-father triads provided sufficient pre- and post-data. The mean minutes of children's physical activity significantly increased, and mothers felt more energetic, but other outcomes did not change. In consultations related to overweight, the family-engagement tool often was used without setting specific or family goals.Conclusions: The family-engagement approach elicited positive effects on some families' health and well-being. For multifaceted health problems, such as obesity, family-engagement approaches should focus on setting specific goals and strategies in different life domains, and for different family members.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of a Family-Engagement Approach to Increase Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Well-Being in Children and Their Parents

Crone

Slagboom

Overmars

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Considering this definition, it is important to understand what the higher-order goals consist of. Whereas it is possible for two people to exert the same level of self-control; the goal towards which they pursue can be different [52]. For example, common goals described in self-control situations relate to academic or professional achievement (e.g., getting good grades or promoted), health (e.g., eating healthy or working out), and financial spending (e.g., saving money each month) [53][54][55].…”

Section: Differences In Goal Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Trustworthiness: A Self-Regulation Account

Lapka¹,

Kung²

2023

The Psychology of Trust

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Trustworthiness is generally considered a positive trait, and past research has investigated different factors that lead a person to be deemed trustworthy. As suggested in recent work, one important predictor and signal of trustworthiness is self-control. In this chapter, we offer a literature review on the social effects of self-control on trustworthiness. We first outline basic models of self-control and review empirical evidence of the interpersonal processes through which perceptions of self-control and trustworthiness are formed and connected. Then, we review evidence to identify and propose implications, both potential upsides and downsides, of self-control induced trustworthiness. We conclude by discussing understudied and novel factors that may potentially influence the associations between self-control and trust, and offer ideas for future directions.

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“…In Experiment 3, we addressed only the relations between two conflicting goals due to practicalities. However, as Kung and Scholer (2021) pointed out, intergoal dynamics in natural settings are far more diverse than simple conflicts between two goals. Goals have complex hierarchies that can both interfere with and facilitate multiple goal attainment.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement

Riddell

Sedikides

Gucciardi

et al. 2022

J Applied Social Pyschol

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In three experiments, we examine the role of motives underlying goal pursuit and the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) to predict the strategic use of self-regulation responses (persistence, disengagement, and reengagement) when faced with attainable, unattainable, or multiple goals. We trained half of the participants to use MCII and treated the rest as control. Experiment 1 (N = 261) underscored the role of autonomous motivation in nurturing adaptive cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms, which facilitated persistence and progress with a difficult but attainable goal. In contrast, controlled motives undermined striving by predicting threat appraisals and giving up coping. MCII training ameliorated the negative impact of controlled motivation on goal striving by reducing threat appraisals. In Experiment 2 (N = 391), we manipulated the task to make the initial goal unattainable. Strategic goal striving (disengagement from the unattainable goal followed by reengagement with an alternative goal) was facilitated by MCII and autonomous goal motives, and culminated in increases in positive affect. In Experiment 3 (N = 432), we extended these findings to a multiple-goal setting. The research further develops the literatures on self-regulation and self-determination, while having implications for life domains where individuals pursue multiple and/or difficult goals. "Pain is temporary. Quitting lasts forever." -Lance Armstrong 1 | INTRODUCTION In Greek mythology, Sisyphus was a king punished to roll an immense boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down, and to repeat this action for eternity. This story illustrates one of the most evocative images of futile goal persistence. Perseverance in the pursuit of an important goal has often been glorified in ancient and modern cultures. In contrast, giving-up is frequently taken as an indication of lack of determination, as per Lance Armstrong's quote. Variations on the old adage "never give up" are commonplace in a variety of settings such as work, education, and sports. Armstrong's dubious professional behavior suggests that perhaps he is not the best person to take advice from when it comes to goal striving. Is persistence always the preferable option? Persistence and commitment are integral aspects of goal striving (Locke & Latham, 2015), with sustained effort over time often

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Moving Beyond Two Goals: An Integrative Review and Framework for the Study of Multiple Goals

Cited by 20 publications

References 189 publications

The Evaluation of a Family-Engagement Approach to Increase Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Well-Being in Children and Their Parents

The Evaluation of a Family-Engagement Approach to Increase Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Well-Being in Children and Their Parents

Signaling Trustworthiness: A Self-Regulation Account

Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement

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