“…For incompressible flow, the moving particle semi-implicit (Koshizuka and Oka, 1996) (MPS) and the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (Shao and Lo, 2003) (incompressible SPH) methods are the most commonly used. Some prominent advancements in their accuracy and stability are forth-order (Nasar et al, 2021) and analytical volume integration (Matsunaga et al, 2020b) wall boundary treatments, moving surface meshes for droplet simulation (Matsunaga et al, 2020a), as well as consistent discretization schemes (Khayyer et al, 2009;Khayyer and Gotoh, 2011;Khayyer and Gotoh, 2012;Liu et al, 2018), including the arbitrary-order least squares MPS (LSMPS) method (Tamai and Koshizuka, 2014;Tamai et al, 2017).…”