Moving Towards a Finer Way of Light-Cured Resin-Based Restorative Dental Materials: Recent Advances in Photoinitiating Systems Based on Iodonium Salts

Abstract

The photoinduced polymerization of monomers is currently an essential tool in various industries. The photopolymerization process plays an increasingly important role in biomedical applications. It is especially used in the production of dental composites. It also exhibits unique properties, such as a short time of polymerization of composites (up to a few seconds), low energy consumption, and spatial resolution (polymerization only in irradiated areas). This paper describes a short overview of the history and classification of different typical monomers and photoinitiating systems such as bimolecular photoinitiator system containing camphorquinone and aromatic amine, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, phosphine derivatives, germanium derivatives, hexaarylbiimidazole derivatives, silane-based derivatives and thioxanthone derivatives used in the production of dental composites with their limitations and disadvantages. Moreover, this article represents the challenges faced when using the latest inventions in the field of dental materials, with a particular focus on photoinitiating systems based on iodonium salts. The beneficial properties of dental composites cured using initiation systems based on iodonium salts have been demonstrated.

Recent advances on chalcone-based photoinitiators of polymerization

“…UV photoinitiators classically used in these photoinitiating systems are onium salts and notably iodonium salts as these salts are cheap and easily available from numerous manufacturers. [145,[155][156][157][158] When N-vinylcarbazole (NVK) is used as the amine, the phenyl radicals Ph • generated by photoinduced electron transfer from the excited photosensitizer can react with NVK, generating the more reactive Ph-NVK • radicals. [159] Free radical polymerization (FRP) processes can thus be induced with these radicals.…”

Organic dye‐based photoinitiating systems for visible‐light‐induced photopolymerization

“…[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] Photochemical activation is also an interesting technique to produce integrated circuits in microelectronics, namely photolithography as well. [77][78][79][80][81][82] Finally, photopolymerization can be of interest for many other fields, for example (i) regenerative medicine and photocurable dental composites, 83,84 (ii) drug delivery, 5,85 (iii) tissue engineering, 85,86 and (iv) 4D printing. 87,88 Concomitant development of these different research fields can also contribute to speed up the rapid expansion of photopolymerization in material chemistry.…”

Recent Advances in bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization: From Mechanistic Investigations to Applications

“…Upon photoinduced electron transfer from the excited photosensitizer towards the UV photoinitiator, initiating radicals can be generated [163]. As the most widely used UV photoinitiators, onium salts, and notably iodonium salts, which are easily accessible from various commercial sources can be cited as relevant examples [164][165][166][167]. Considering that dyes act as photosensitizers for UV photoinitiators, two-component or three-component photoinitiating systems are typically developed with Type II photoinitiators.…”