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Highlights
Water use amongst tourists visiting developing countries is review in The DominicanRepublic, Zanzibar and the Gambia 2. The green at home-not on holiday proposition is evaluated through water consumption 3. Issues of water inequality are examined to demonstrate the need to adjust tourist attitudes and behaviour where water use cannot easily be offset 3 Key words: water use; comparative analysis; developing countries; tourists' attitudes;
TOURIST ATTITUDES TOWARDS WATER USE IN THE DEVELOPINGtourists' behaviors
INTRODUCTIONThis paper examines the interconnections between water use by tourists and their awareness and behaviour towards problems facing destinations in the developing world in terms of water scarcity and access to drinking water. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of tourist attitudes towards water consumption and sustainability in both their home environment and whilst on holiday, focusing on the growing research agenda associated with water equity (Whitely, Ingram & Perry, 2008). As Hadjikakou, Chenoweth & Miller (2013) argue, there has been an oscillating interest in water issues in the wider sustainability debates due to the focus on carbon reduction and energy issues. Water equity refers to the UN's right to water and sanitation and, in the context of tourism, is considered as "Development that does not infringe upon or take precedence over the right to water of communities in destinations for essential personal, domestic and livelihood needs" (Tourism Concern, 2012: 5).
4The principle is unambiguous in ensuring access to water for communities alongside the operation of tourism, and reflects the growing application of wider social science areas of research structured around social equity in local communities and sustainability (Cole & Morgan 2011;Cole 2012). Water equity also connects with many wider issues of tourism and development, notably the debate over how western tourism interests exploit the developing world, as highlighted by Britton (1982Britton ( , 1991. This political economy approach acts as a means to understand, theorise and rationalise the tourism economies built around mass coastal tourism in fragile and vulnerable coastal tourism communities, particularly in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (UNWTO 2012). Whilst it is not the purpose of this paper to adopt a political economy perspective, it is an important context to recognise as it also has a clear bearing on many of the debates associated with tourism and sustainability, especially in relation to the control of resources, access to these resources by local communities and their use by resource-intensive tourism interests (i.e. businesses and entrepreneurs).Although the issue of water consumption is not new within environmental management and tourism research, developing a comparative analysis to the issue across multiple destinations is a novel methodology to advance knowledge beyond single case studies. This paper focuses on research into tourists' attitudes to water equity in three developing c...