Moxibustion regulates the polarization of macrophages through the IL-4/STAT6 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis

Zhong, Yu-mei; Zhang, Linlin; Lu, Weiyue; Shang, Yanan; Zhou, Haiyan

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155835

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Studies show moxibustion has anti-in ammatory, pain-relieving, and warming effects. Moxibustion increases blood ow to in amed areas, stimulates the immune system, and boosts the body's ability to ght infection and heal itself, eliminating in ammatory chemicals and byproducts [37][38][39]. This study con rms previous ndings, the results show that moxibustion treatment can relieve in ammation in CFA-induced adjuvant arthritis models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Moxibustion alleviates inflammation via SIRT5 post-translational modification and macrophage polarization

Zhang,

Gou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Macrophage polarization plays an essential role in the anti-inflammation process. Moxibustion, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect via enhancing α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and succinate levels. Succinate/α-KG ratio is a hallmark of M1 and M2 macrophage shift. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) is a vital enzyme for α-KG production and can be deacetylated by Sirtuin5 (SIRT5). Currently, the role of moxibustion in SIRT5-GLUD1-α-KG-related macrophage alteration in inflammatory diseases has not been discussed yet. Methods In this study, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced adjuvant arthritis models were established. On day 4 post-CFA, moxibustion and acupoint MC3482 injection were administered. Foot volume was measured before and after the model was established, and after the moxibustion and acupoint injection interventions. ELISA assays were then performed to quantify inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, TGF-β, succinate, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Flow cytometry (FCM) and immunofluorescence were used to test M1- and M2-like macrophage expressions in the right arthrodial cartilages of mice. Furthermore, western blotting and immunoprecipitation (IP) were used to detect SIRT5, GLUD1, and GLUD1 succinylation expressions. Results Moxibustion and SIRT5 desuccinylation inhibitor MC3482 decreased inflammation by increasing M2 macrophage and reducing M1 macrophage levels in CFA model. The potential mechanism may relate to the effects of moxibustion and SIRT5 inhibition, which could invert succinate and α-KG levels in the CFA group, which displayed low succinate, high α-KG and increased GLUD1 succinylation modification after treatment. Conclusion This study supports that moxibustion's anti-inflammation effects are related to the consequences of macrophage conversion after SIRT5 post-translational modification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Moxibustion alleviates inflammation via SIRT5 post-translational modification and macrophage polarization

Zhang,

Gou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In addition, recent studies have also shown that moxibustion has a particular therapeutic effect on RA. Moxibustion is a form of traditional Chinese medicine that mainly promotes M2 polarization through activating JAK1, JAK3, and STAT6 in the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway, thus reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and vasodilation, and helps alleviate the effects of RA [ 152 ]. Moreover, researchers also confirmed that sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) in bone marrow cells plays a crucial role in macrophage phenotypic switching and migration response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases

Peng

Zhou

Yang³

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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Macrophages are innate immune cells in the organism and can be found in almost tissues and organs. They are highly plastic and heterogeneous cells and can participate in the immune response, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. It is well known that undifferentiated macrophages can polarize into classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) under different microenvironmental conditions. The directions of macrophage polarization can be regulated by a series of factors, including interferon, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin, and noncoding RNAs. To elucidate the role of macrophages in various autoimmune diseases, we searched the literature on macrophages with the PubMed database. Search terms are as follows: macrophages, polarization, signaling pathways, noncoding RNA, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we summarize the role of macrophage polarization in common autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also summarize the features and recent advances with a particular focus on the immunotherapeutic potential of macrophage polarization in autoimmune diseases and the potentially effective therapeutic targets.

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“…Otherwise, IL‐4 is a cytokine produced by T helper 2 cells, which inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines of cells (Romagnani, 1991). IL‐4 combines with IL‐4Rα, which promotes polarization of macrophages to M2 and induces TGF‐β production (Zhong et al, 2022). TGF‐β is a pluripotent growth factor that has certain inhibitory effects on liver inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue repair (Fausto et al, 1991; Hai et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar prevents the alcohol liver disease in mice via autophagy

Zhao,

Xia,

Qiang

et al. 2023

eFood

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an ignored global issue of public health. It is urgent for searching bioactive foods to prevent ALD. Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV) contained antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and melanoidins. The mechanism of ZAV on preventing acute liver injury was evaluated in alcohol‐treated mice. Our results showed that ZAV ameliorated morphological damage by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining in alcohol‐treated liver. ZAV relieved symptoms of ALD, which presented as decreased serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. In addition, ZAV treatment inhibited hepatic oxidative stress levels by downregulating reactive oxygen species generation, and the oxidative products (malonaldehyde, 4‐hydroxynonenal, and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine), and upregulating catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. ZAV further reduced production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and elevated levels of interleukin‐4 and transforming growth factor‐β indicating the inhibition of alcohol‐induced inflammation. Furthermore, ZAV treatment increased expression levels of autophagy‐associated proteins in ALD mice by western blot, which participated in anti‐ALD effect of ZAV. These findings demonstrate that ZAV could be an alternative for ALD intervention by regulating oxidative stress and autophagy.

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Moxibustion regulates the polarization of macrophages through the IL-4/STAT6 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Moxibustion alleviates inflammation via SIRT5 post-translational modification and macrophage polarization

Moxibustion alleviates inflammation via SIRT5 post-translational modification and macrophage polarization

Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases

Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar prevents the alcohol liver disease in mice via autophagy

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