“…Robert Gagné's Nine Instructional Events (i.e., Gagné et al, 2005) have been applied to almost every area concerned with improving individuals' learning. The models have been used to train health professionals in patient treatment (Basir et al, 2021;Wong, 2018), to teach the physical sciences (Çalışkan, 2014;House, 2002;Smaldino & Thompson, 1990), and to instruct students in creative disciplines (Baba et al, 2017;Ludin et al, 2018;Hamizi et al, 2022). Gagné 's Instructional Events have been as widely used as any teaching model to develop effective courses and instruction (Fields, 1996;Martin et al, 2007;Reiser, 2002).…”