MPC-Based Virtual Energy Storage System Using PV and Air Conditioner to Emulate Virtual Inertia and Frequency Regulation of the Low-Inertia Microgrid

Pahasa, Jonglak; Potejanasak, Potejana; Ngamroo, Issarachai

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3231751

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Conventionally, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been used to improve the frequency regulation and virtual inertia. Nonetheless, the BESS's investment and maintenance costs are high, and it cannot be destroyed at the end of its lifetime [4], [5]. Therefore, it is necessary to use other devices for frequency regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Resilient Model Predictive Control Electrolyzers for Frequency Regulations Under Severe Denial-of- Service Attacks

Muangchuen,

Pahasa,

Rakpenthai

2024

IEEE Access

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Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL) installed with renewable energy resources can be used for power system ancillary services such as frequency regulation and virtual inertia emulation. However, the performance of PEMEL-based frequency ancillary services is threatened by cyberattacks that compromise the communication control. Considering denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on PEMEL communication, this paper proposes an enhanced resilient model predictive control (ER-MPC) for a PEMEL controller. The proposed ER-MPC consists of two procedures. First, the combination of autoregressive (AR) model-based prediction method and hold signal method is used to reconstruct attacked signals during severe DoS attacks. Then a model predictive control (MPC) is used to compute the control signal for PEMEL stack. The objective of ER-MPC-based controlling of PEMEL is to regulate the frequency deviation during contingency and normal operation under severe DoS attack. The effectiveness of the proposed ER-MPC was compared with that of AR-based resilient MPC and resilient MPC methods. The simulation results revealed that the proposed ER-MPC successfully improved microgrid frequency regulations under severe DoS attacks. In addition, the proposed ER-MPC-based PEMEL has a performance effect over other techniques in terms of the reduction in frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency during severe DoS attacks, disconnection, and successful connection of wind turbine generation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, model predictive control (MPC), a widely accepted adaptive control algorithm, is utilized in numerous practical applications [4], [5]. MPC employs a plant's dynamic model to project the optimal control signal while optimizing the plant's output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Resilient Model Predictive Control Electrolyzers for Frequency Regulations Under Severe Denial-of- Service Attacks

Muangchuen,

Pahasa,

Rakpenthai

2024

IEEE Access

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“…Additionally, the high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) during contingencies has been reduced by using ESSs to simulate the virtual inertia of an MG [6]. Nevertheless, events that cause high RoCoF are less frequent in power systems [6] and the investment costs of ESS are high [7]. Therefore, it is not economically feasible to employ an ESS in a virtual inertial emulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtual energy storage systems (VESS) have been developed to address the high investment costs of ESS [8], [9]. A VESS can be utilized for virtual inertia control [7], load frequency control [8], and other ancillary services for power systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPC calculates the control signal by minimizing the cost function for a constrained dynamical system over a predictable receding horizon [18]. With encouraging results, MPC can be used for frequency regulation and virtual inertia control [7]. In addition, an improved MPC was introduced to mitigate cyberattacks, such as data driven MPC [19] and resilient MPC (RMPC) [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Resilient Model Predictive Control for Enhanced Microgrid Virtual Inertia Emulation by Virtual Energy Storage System Under DoS Attacks

Muangchuen,

Pahasa,

Ngamroo

2023

IEEE Access

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The distributed control of a microgrid is fully dependent on advanced information and communication technologies that are sensitive to cyber-physical systems. Cyberattacks, such as denial-ofservice (DoS) attacks, can cause unstable operation of low-inertia microgrids. This paper proposes enhanced microgrid virtual inertia control under DoS attacks using an improved resilient model predictive control (IRMPC)-based virtual energy storage system (VESS). IRMPC comprises an attack detector, an autoregressive (AR)-based signal estimator, and an MPC-based VESS controller. An attack detector was used to detect the DoS attacks. An AR-based signal estimator is then used to estimate the feedback data that are subjected to DoS attacks. The firefly algorithm was used to optimize the AR parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed IRMPC was compared with that of conventional model predictive control, conventional model predictive control-based VESS, and resilient model predictive control-based VESS. The simulation results revealed that under a DoS attack, the proposed IRMPC can successfully improve the microgrid virtual inertia emulation. Additionally, the proposed IRMPC has a performance effect over the compared techniques in terms of the reduction in RoCoF deviation and frequency deviation during normal situations, DoS attacks, and disconnection of wind turbine generation. The simulation results also confirmed that IRMPC is robust to microgrid parameter variations when compared to the other methods.INDEX TERMS Virtual inertia emulation, resilient model predictive control, DoS attacks, microgrid, virtual energy storage system

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Green inertia and reliable power: Fortifying edge-to-grid connectivity with micro variable speed solar pumped storage

GhoshThakur,

Dhar Ruchi,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

Energy Conversion and Management

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MPC-Based Virtual Energy Storage System Using PV and Air Conditioner to Emulate Virtual Inertia and Frequency Regulation of the Low-Inertia Microgrid

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced Resilient Model Predictive Control Electrolyzers for Frequency Regulations Under Severe Denial-of- Service Attacks

Enhanced Resilient Model Predictive Control Electrolyzers for Frequency Regulations Under Severe Denial-of- Service Attacks

Improved Resilient Model Predictive Control for Enhanced Microgrid Virtual Inertia Emulation by Virtual Energy Storage System Under DoS Attacks

Green inertia and reliable power: Fortifying edge-to-grid connectivity with micro variable speed solar pumped storage

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