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Contribución de los autores:Todos los autores participaron en la revisión de la literatura. Diana L. Franco y Tomás Carvajal: escritura del artículo y organización de laboratorios e imágenes. Adriana Martínez e Iván M. Peña: edición, revisión y escritura adicional, así como contribución en manejo y seguimiento de la paciente. Adriana Martínez se encargó de la adquisición de las imágenes. La cirugía bariátrica es un tratamiento que garantiza una pérdida de peso sustancial y duradera, y beneficios tangibles respecto a condiciones médicas asociadas a la obesidad. El aumento del número de cirugías bariátricas ha llevado también a un aumento de las complicaciones relacionadas con ella, incluyendo la encefalopatía de Wernicke y la polineuropatía por deficiencia de vitaminas del complejo B. En este artículo se reporta un caso de encefalopatía de Wernicke siete semanas después de la cirugía, enfatizando en la importancia de reconocer el espectro de la sintomatología para hacer un diagnóstico temprano, que permita intervenir en la fase reversible de esta enfermedad potencialmente letal. PRESENTACIÓN DE CASOPalabras clave: encefalopatía de Wernicke, polineuropatías, obesidad, derivación gástrica, tiamina, piridoxina.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i4.765 Wernicke's encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgeryBariatric surgery is a treatment that guarantees a substantial and lasting weight loss in addition to the tangible benefits relating to obesity-associated medical conditions. The increasing number of bariatric surgeries has revealed an increasing number of complications related to this procedure, including Wernicke´s encephalopathy and vitamin B deficiency polyneuropathies. Herein, a 7-week post-surgery case of Wernicke´s encephalopathy is presented that emphasizes the importance of an early recognition of these symptoms so as to initiate intervention during the reversible phase of these potentially lethal pathologies.
Contribución de los autores:Todos los autores participaron en la revisión de la literatura. Diana L. Franco y Tomás Carvajal: escritura del artículo y organización de laboratorios e imágenes. Adriana Martínez e Iván M. Peña: edición, revisión y escritura adicional, así como contribución en manejo y seguimiento de la paciente. Adriana Martínez se encargó de la adquisición de las imágenes. La cirugía bariátrica es un tratamiento que garantiza una pérdida de peso sustancial y duradera, y beneficios tangibles respecto a condiciones médicas asociadas a la obesidad. El aumento del número de cirugías bariátricas ha llevado también a un aumento de las complicaciones relacionadas con ella, incluyendo la encefalopatía de Wernicke y la polineuropatía por deficiencia de vitaminas del complejo B. En este artículo se reporta un caso de encefalopatía de Wernicke siete semanas después de la cirugía, enfatizando en la importancia de reconocer el espectro de la sintomatología para hacer un diagnóstico temprano, que permita intervenir en la fase reversible de esta enfermedad potencialmente letal. PRESENTACIÓN DE CASOPalabras clave: encefalopatía de Wernicke, polineuropatías, obesidad, derivación gástrica, tiamina, piridoxina.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i4.765 Wernicke's encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgeryBariatric surgery is a treatment that guarantees a substantial and lasting weight loss in addition to the tangible benefits relating to obesity-associated medical conditions. The increasing number of bariatric surgeries has revealed an increasing number of complications related to this procedure, including Wernicke´s encephalopathy and vitamin B deficiency polyneuropathies. Herein, a 7-week post-surgery case of Wernicke´s encephalopathy is presented that emphasizes the importance of an early recognition of these symptoms so as to initiate intervention during the reversible phase of these potentially lethal pathologies.
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome refers to a life‐threatening encephalopathy due to inadequate supply of thiamine (vitamin B1) to the brain. It is a combination of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), an acute neuropsychiatric disorder fully responsive to prompt and adequate thiamine replacement, and Korsakoff syndrome (KS), the chronic, irreversible form of WE that does not remit with thiamine treatment. Thiamine deficiency can occur in any condition of unbalanced nutrition that lasts for 2–3 weeks. These include poor nutrition, chronic alcohol misuse, loss of thiamine owing to recurrent vomiting or malabsorption, increased thiamine requirements owing to chronic diseases, prolonged and excessive carbohydrate intake and gastrointestinal surgical procedures, in particular, patients after bariatric surgery. The diagnosis is clinical and is mainly supported by the dramatic improvement of neurological signs to parenteral thiamine. Neuroimaging studies are useful to confirm the diagnosis of both WE and KS. Patients with suspected thiamine deficiency should be treated immediately with parenteral thiamine at the doses deemed to be effective in the treatment of WE and prevention of KS. Key Concepts: Thiamine deficiency can occur in a myriad of clinical settings that include malnutrition, malabsorption and increased metabolism and in patients following bariatric surgery. A thiamine deficiency that lasts for 2 to 3 weeks leads to Wernicke encephalopathy, an acute, life‐threatening disorder that is a medical emergency. Wernicke encephalopathy is fully responsive to prompt and adequate thiamine replacement. Untreated or inadequately treated Wernicke encephalopathy may lead to Korsakoff syndrome, a chronic amnesic encephalopathy that does not remit with thiamine treatment. The goal of treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy is the immediate administration of high doses of parenteral thiamine deemed sufficient to prevent Korsakoff syndrome.
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