MR imaging of anorectal malformations and associated anomalies

Nievelstein, Rutger A.J.; Vos, A.; Valk, J.

doi:10.1007/s003300050437

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…urogenital, renal, vertebral regions and lower limbs [1,2]. This syndrome is frequently seen in babies of diabetic mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The latter refers to severe hypoplasia of all skeletal components of the limb.On the other hand, 'phocomelia' is a condition where the hands and the feet sprout directly from the trunk. Various anomalies of the lower limb are known to occur in the patients with ARM, such as, sirenomelia, lower limb phocomelia, congenital hip dislocation and foot and toe anomalies [1][2][3]6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A neonate with anorectal malformation with rare limb defects report of a case

et al. 2005

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A 2-day-old male infant, born of a non-consanguineous marriage and uneventful pregnancy was found to have anomalies of vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheo-esophageal, radial and limb (VACTERL) association. The striking feature was the simultaneous occurrence of two rare limb defects of right upper and lower limb in the baby who also had imperforate anus and ventricular septal defect. These limb defects were-meromelia of the right upper limb (due to transverse deficiency of right humerus and absence of all the bony elements distally), and a short right lower limb due to co-existence of proximal femoral hypoplasia and fibular hemimelia. We could not trace the co-existence of these rare skeletal defects in any case with VACTERL association in the existing English literature, as was observed by us. The simultaneous occurrence of the defects involving distant anatomic sites supports the hypothesis of 'axial mesodermal dysplasia' in our patient, rather than 'caudal regression syndrome', as is popularly held in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM). Further, it points to occurrence of an early embryonic insult, probably taking place at blastogenic stage, when the developing embryo can be considered a polytopic development field. However, in absence of antenatal history suggestive of exposure to a known teratogen and a chromosomal analysis, it appears that the spectrum of anomalies in this neonate might have resulted secondary to early amniotic leak and temporary oligohydramnios.

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“…urogenital, renal, vertebral regions and lower limbs [1,2]. This syndrome is frequently seen in babies of diabetic mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neonate with anorectal malformation with rare limb defects report of a case

et al. 2005

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“…10,11,14,[20][21][22] Our results show that the incidence of spinal cord anomalies was no different between those with a high lesion and those with a low lesion and spinal cord anomalies were present regardless of vertebral anomalies or symptoms. Therefore, we also recommend MRI evaluation of all patients with ARM.…”

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confidence: 95%

Role of magnetic resonance imaging to detect occult spinal anomalies in anorectal malformations

Gupta

Ray

et al. 2016

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…Presently, MRI answers many questions of complex anorectal pathology including enteric fistulae, in which previously MRI was considered to be unreliable (as in two of our cases) as well as for genital abnormalities. It is therefore very valuable especially for surgical planning [14,17,18]; therefore, presently radiation-exposing modalities, such as plain films, enema, CT, myelo-CT and genitography, should only be used if MRI is not available. With regard to one of our patients with complex cloacal and urinary tract malformations, it seems questionable if a comparable exact demonstration of all the abnormalities, including ectopic refluxive ureters, found by genitography, could have been obtained by MRI with an even more optimal and adequate technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of imaging in Currarino triad

et al. 1999

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of findings and the efficacy of different imaging modalities in order to formulate recommendations for diagnostic imaging of Currarino triad (ASP syndrome), including screening of relatives. The imaging films of five female patients (age range 6 weeks to 12 months) were analysed retrospectively. The studied material consisted of US and MRI of the lower spine (5 patients each), lumbosacral plain radiography (4 patients), contrast enema (4 patients), urinary US (2 patients), genitography (1 patient) and myelo-CT (1 patient). Depiction of pathological findings with different imaging modalities was reviewed and validated with special respect to their demonstrability by US. Ultrasonography detected the sacral bony defect as well as the presacral pathology (meningocele and/or tumour) and thereby gave the basic diagnosis in all of the cases. It also depicted tethered cord and urinary tract abnormalities correctly. Magnetic resonance imaging gave a more distinct visualization of pre- and intraspinal pathology with additional demonstration of intraspinal lipoma in two cases. Regarding anorectal and genital malformations, radiographic contrast agent studies had been used in all patients. Two blind-ending retrorectal fistulas, depicted by enema, were missed by MRI. Patients with congenital or early infancy obstipation, anorectal malformations and complex urinary tract malformations should have spinal and pelvic sonography first. A plain film of the sacrum is recommended in equivocal cases. The need for MRI and contrast agent studies depends on the individual pathology, whereas presently MRI has made further radiographic imaging increasingly dispensable. A screening program with lumbosacral US or plain radiography for families with Currarino triad should be obligatory.

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MR imaging of anorectal malformations and associated anomalies

Cited by 37 publications

References 49 publications

A neonate with anorectal malformation with rare limb defects report of a case

A neonate with anorectal malformation with rare limb defects report of a case

Role of magnetic resonance imaging to detect occult spinal anomalies in anorectal malformations

The spectrum of imaging in Currarino triad

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