MR imaging of the anal sphincter in multiparous women using an endoanal coil: correlation with in vitro anatomy and appearances in fecal incontinence.

deSouza, Nandita M.; Puni, Rakesh; Zbar, Andrew P.; Gilderdale, D. J.; Coutts, Glyn A.; Krausz, Thomas

doi:10.2214/ajr.167.6.8956578

Cited by 99 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…22 The inability of these nerves to recover may result in anal sphincter atrophy. 10,23 The progression of anal sphincter muscle atrophy is not well known in the literature, because once patients become asymptomatic, they are lost to follow-up. 5,12 This condition is difficult to document clinically and investigate prospectively, because it requires demonstration of direct histological evidence of muscle atrophy secondary to pudendal neuropathy to exhibit cause and effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects on Pressure and Electromyography in a Rat Model of Anal Sphincter Injury

Salcedo

Damaser

Butler

et al. 2010

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects on Pressure and Electromyography in a Rat Model of Anal Sphincter Injury

Salcedo

Damaser

Butler

et al. 2010

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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“…A major contribution of anal MRI has been the recognition of external sphincter atrophy (94) and how this may adversely affect sphincter repair (95). Atrophy may also be present without pudendal neuropathy (96). The addition of dynamic pelvic MRI using fast imaging sequences or MRI colpocystography that involves filling the rectum with ultrasound gel as a contact agent and having the patient evacuate this while lying inside the magnet may define the anorectal anatomy more precisely (97,98).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of dynamic pelvic MRI using fast imaging sequences or MRI colpocystography that involves filling the rectum with ultrasound gel as a contact agent and having the patient evacuate this while lying inside the magnet may define the anorectal anatomy more precisely (97,98). The use of an endo-anal coil significantly enhances the resolution and allows more precise definition of sphincter muscles (96). Comparative studies that assess costs, availability, technical know how, clinical utility, and how MRI may influence treatment decisions are, however, warranted.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Fecal Incontinence

Rao

2004

Am J Gastroenterology

286

295

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DEFINITIONFecal incontinence is defined as either the involuntary passage or the inability to control the discharge of fecal matter through the anus. Clinically there are three subtypes (a) passive incontinence-the involuntary discharge of stool or gas without awareness; (b) urge incontinence-the discharge of fecal matter in spite of active attempts to retain bowel contents, and (c) fecal seepage-the leakage of stool following otherwise normal evacuation. The severity of incontinence can range from the unintentional elimination of flatus to the seepage of liquid fecal matter or sometimes the complete evacuation of bowel contents. Not surprisingly, these events cause considerable embarrassment, which in turn can lead to a loss of self-esteem, social isolation, and a diminished quality of life (1). EPIDEMIOLOGYAlthough fecal incontinence affects people of all ages, its prevalence is disproportionally higher in women, in the elderly, and in nursing home residents. Estimates of its prevalence vary greatly and depend on the clinical setting, the influence of social stigma, the definition of incontinence, and the frequency of occurrence.In the U.S. householder survey, frequent leakage of stool or fecal staining for more than 1 month was reported by 7.1% and 0.7% of the population, respectively (2). In contrast, two or more episodes of fecal incontinence per month were reported by 0.8% of patients presenting to primary care clinics in the UK (3). In an elderly (>65 yr) self-caring population, fecal incontinence occurred at least once a week in 3.7% of subjects and in more men than women (men:women = 1.5:1) (4). In contrast, 25-35% of institutionalized patients (5) and 10-25% of hospitalized geriatric patients (6) suffer from fecal incontinence. In the United States, fecal incontinence is the second leading cause for placement in nursing homes (6).In a survey of 2,570 households, comprising 6,959 individuals, the prevalence of at least one episode of incontinence during the previous year was 2.2%; among these 63% were women, 30% were >65 yr of age, 36% were incontinent of solid stool, 54% of liquid stool, and 60% of flatus (7). Furthermore, in another prospective survey of patients attending either a gastroenterology or a primary care clinic, over 18% reported fecal incontinence at least once a week (8). Only one third had ever discussed the problem with a physician (8). When stratified for the frequency of episodes, 2.7% of patients reported daily incontinence, 4.5% weekly, and 7.1% once per month (8). In another survey, fecal incontinence was associated with urinary incontinence in 26% of women attending a Uro/Gyn Clinic (9). A higher incidence of mixed fecal and urinary incontinence was also reported in nursing home residents (10, 11).The cost of health care related to fecal incontinence includes items that can be measured such as the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of incontinence, medications, the use of disposable pads and other ancillary devices, skin care, and nursing care. Approximately $400 million/year we...

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“…3. The saddle-shaped imaging coil is identical in design to that described previously (9). However, in this case, we have added two small receiver coils containing MR-visible fiducials at the positions shown.…”

Section: Endorectal Receiver Coilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated and interactive position tracking and imaging of interventional tools and internal devices using small fiducial receiver coils

Coutts

Gilderdale

Chui

et al. 1998

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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A method is described of tracking the position of a rigid device within an MR scanner and imaging with the image slice position determined by the current position of the device, such that the manipulation of the device can be achieved in a robust, interactive manner. The device can be either external or internal to the patient. The position tracking is performed by means of two or three small MR receiver coils attached to individual receiver channels. Each coil contains a small sample that acts as a fiducial (MR-visible marker point). The imaging is performed by any suitable receiver coil attached to a further receive channel. This method has a large number of applications, both in the field of MR-guided procedures and in MR imaging using endocavitary coils. In particular, two devices are described, the first being a device for MR-guided biopsies and the second being one for dynamic endorectal imaging of the anal sphincter.

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MR imaging of the anal sphincter in multiparous women using an endoanal coil: correlation with in vitro anatomy and appearances in fecal incontinence.

Cited by 99 publications

References 17 publications

Long-Term Effects on Pressure and Electromyography in a Rat Model of Anal Sphincter Injury

Long-Term Effects on Pressure and Electromyography in a Rat Model of Anal Sphincter Injury

Diagnosis and Management of Fecal Incontinence

Integrated and interactive position tracking and imaging of interventional tools and internal devices using small fiducial receiver coils

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