MR imaging of the paediatric foot and ankle

Iyer, Ramesh S.; Thapa, Mahesh

doi:10.1007/s00247-012-2449-4

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…However, such findings may be absent on plain radiography, and MRI may therefore be more sensitive for diagnosis early on, demonstrating hypointensity of marrow on T1-weighted images, and either low or high signal intensity on T2-weighted or short tau inversion recovery sequences. 28 Surrounding soft tissue edema may also be demonstrated by MRI. Later in the pathologic process, cortical irregularity, fragmentation, and flattening of the metatarsal head may be seen by radiography, computed tomography, or MRI 28,33 (►Fig.…”

Section: Freiberg Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Osteochondroses

Danger

Wasyliw

Varich

2018

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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The osteochondroses are a group of disorders that affect the epiphysis or epiphyseal equivalent segments of the immature skeleton. These disorders are believed to be primarily the result of traumatic or vascular pathology, often in the setting of overuse, and are usually self-limited. Their imaging findings are based on the time of the study within the natural course of the disease process. Early findings may best be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging or may be recognized radiographically as sclerosis of the involved segment. Later disease demonstrates bone fragmentation and collapse, followed by healing where bone architecture is restored with variable reconstitution of the normal morphology.

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Section: Freiberg Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Surrounding soft tissue edema may also be demonstrated by MRI. Later in the pathologic process, cortical irregularity, fragmentation, and flattening of the metatarsal head may be seen by radiography, computed tomography, or MRI 28,33 (►Fig. 7).…”

Section: Freiberg Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Osteochondroses

Danger

Wasyliw

Varich

2018

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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“…If amorphous edema is present without a discrete fracture, findings suggest a stress response in the appropriate clinical setting. 39…”

Section: Stress Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle and Foot Injuries in the Young Athlete

Chauvin

Jaimes

Khwaja

2018

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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Injuries to the ankle and foot are common in the young athlete, especially with increasing participation and high levels of competitiveness in youth sports programs. Knowledge of the normal development of the foot and ankle is crucial to understand age-specific injury patterns because acute or chronic/repetitive stress to the developing skeleton results in injuries that differ from those seen in adults. Congenital abnormalities may also predispose children to increased risk of injury and pain. Radiologists must be aware of these distinctions to diagnose and classify injuries correctly for optimum treatment. We describe common and unique foot and ankle injuries in the young athlete. Throughout the article we focus not only on imaging findings but also on the mechanism of injury.

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“…16,[30][31][32][33] In imaging studies, which are focused on tarsal bone marrow in children, high-signal T2-weighted changes of the bone marrow on MRI are mostly considered to be a normal, physiological finding representing residual hematopoietic marrow instead of a pathologic entity. [34][35][36][37] A limitation of many of these studies is the lack of clinical data and thus the absence of a correlation between MRI findings and the clinical evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow oedema syndrome of the foot and ankle in a paediatric population: A retrospective case series with serial MRI evaluation

Houwer

Beek

Prinsen

et al. 2020

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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Purpose By means of a case series we wanted to describe and correlate the clinical and imaging features of bone marrow oedema syndrome (BMOS) of the foot and ankle in children. Methods A retrospective data study was performed on patients born on or after 01 January 2001 who underwent multiple MRI scans of the foot and ankle for pain symptoms. Six patients who presented with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR imaging without any underlying causes or concomitant pathology were included. Results All patients, three boys and three girls with a mean age of 11 years (8 to 14), displayed patchy areas of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) images. On average, six tarsal bones were involved (4 to 8). In all patients, treatment consisted of rest and/or protected weight-bearing. The mean time for symptoms to improve during treatment was 6 months (1 to 16). The mean duration of treatment was nine months (3 to 16). In all patients clinical and imaging symptoms were strongly correlated and regressed in time. Conclusion BMOS as a pathological entity should be considered in paediatric patients with foot and ankle pain without a clear underlying cause, and characteristic T2-weighted and TIRM signal intensity increase on MRI images. As BMOS is transient and self-limiting, conservative treatment is advised while the oedema regresses. An early diagnosis of this pathology could prevent unnecessary diagnostic investigations and invasive treatments. Level of Evidence IV

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MR imaging of the paediatric foot and ankle

Cited by 18 publications

References 84 publications

Osteochondroses

Osteochondroses

Ankle and Foot Injuries in the Young Athlete

Bone marrow oedema syndrome of the foot and ankle in a paediatric population: A retrospective case series with serial MRI evaluation

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