MR Imaging of the Spinal Bone Marrow

Tall, Michael A.; Thompson, Adrianne K.; Vertinsky, Talia; Palka, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.mric.2007.01.001

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…A standard STIR sequence is a conventional (fast) spin echo technique preceded by an initial 180°inversion pulse applied with a short inversion time (TI), resulting in suppression of fat signal from subcutaneous tissues, fascial planes, and the yellow marrow fat in the medullary cavities of bone. 23,24 In a normal adult dog, vertebral bodies are homogeneously STIR isointense to hypointense compared to the paraspinal muscles. 25 Failure of bone marrow to suppress on STIR and resultant hyperintensity of focal or multifocal spinal lesions on this sequence was a common feature in our patient population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine of Six Dogs Diagnosed With Lymphoma

Allett

Hecht

2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Lymphoma is one of the most common neoplasms in the dog. Despite its prevalence and the increasing use of advanced diagnostic imaging in veterinary patients only few reports of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in spinal lymphoma have been published to date. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe the MRI findings in dogs with confirmed lymphoma affecting the spine and/or paraspinal soft tissues. Medical records were searched for patients that had MRI of the spine and a diagnosis of lymphoma during the period of 2005-2015. Data recorded from retrieved MRI studies were presence of focal or multifocal disease, structures involved, and signal characteristics on T2-W, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and T1-W sequences prior to and following intravenous contrast medium administration. Six dogs met the inclusion criteria. Common findings included multifocal disease (4/6), vertebral involvement (5/6), spinal cord compression (4/6), and involvement of more than one spinal compartment (medullary cavity, vertebral canal, paraspinal soft tissues) (6/6). Vertebral changes were confined to the medullary cavity without evidence of cortical osteolysis. There was questionable involvement of the spinal cord in one case. All spinal and paraspinal lesions identified were T2-W isointense to hyperintense, STIR hyperintense, T1-W hypointense to isointense, and showed variable moderate to strong contrast enhancement. Additional lesions identified were enlarged intraabdominal lymph nodes, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and a splenic nodule. The STIR and T1-W postcontrast sequences were subjectively the most useful in identification of the spinal and paraspinal lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine of Six Dogs Diagnosed With Lymphoma

Allett

Hecht

2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for clinical diagnosis of bone marrow malignancies (8–11). However, MRI is useful mainly for detecting malignancies when tumors have already reached a relatively large size, e.g., a few hundred micrometers or more depending on the sensitivity of the spectrometer and the methods used, and thus it is not an effective method for early diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of High-Resolution¹H MAS NMR Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Intact Bones from Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation

Zhang

Rommereim

et al. 2009

Radiation Research

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Herein we demonstrate that high-resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR can be used to profile the pathology of bone marrow rapidly and with minimal sample preparation. The spectral resolution obtained allows several metabolites to be analyzed quantitatively. The level of NMR-detectable metabolites in the epiphysis + metaphysis sections of mouse femur were significantly higher than that observed in the diaphysis of the same femur. The major metabolite damage to bone marrow resulting from either 3.0 Gy or 7.8 Gy of whole-body gamma radiation 4 days after exposure were (1) decreased total choline content, (2) increased fatty acids in bone marrow, and (3) decreased creatine content. These results suggest that the membrane choline phospholipid metabolism (MCPM) pathway and the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway were altered as a result of radiation exposure. We also found that the metabolic damage induced by radiation in the epiphysis + metaphysis sections of mouse femur was higher than that of the diaphysis of the same femur. Traditional histopathology analysis was also carried out to correlate radiation damage with changes in metabolites. Importantly, the molecular information gleaned from high-resolution MAS 1H NMR complements the pathology data.

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“…Leukemias are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancies originating from white cell lineage, with chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) the most common form in North America and Europe. 2,43 CLL typically diffusely infiltrates the bone marrow compartment with cells rich in water content. As a result, bone marrow in T1-weighted sequences shows diffusely lowered signal intensity, bone marrow being diffusely hypointense compared with muscle or intervertebral disks, and diffusely increased signal intensity in T2-weighted and fat-suppressed sequences, typically higher than muscle.…”

Section: Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Proliferation Of Normal Marrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of diffuse marrow changes has been described extensively in several review articles. [1][2][3] The aim of this article is to go into detail in selected topics (Gaucher's disease, lymphoma, chronic leukemia, and post-medication changes), enabling the reader more in-depth information. For an overview of the field, additional reading is advisable.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For an overview of the field, additional reading is advisable. [1][2][3] Positron emission tomography with computer tomography (PET-CT) adds functional to structural information but is primarily useful in focal disease, showing focally increased tracer uptake. MRI therefore has been the technique of choice for bone marrow imaging, especially in diffuse disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diffuse Marrow Changes

Berger

Dijke

Maas³

2009

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to date remains the only imaging modality allowing direct visualization of the bone marrow compartment, in general having high sensitivity for bone marrow abnormalities. However, signal intensity changes in many different diseases presented with diffuse bone marrow infiltration show more overlap than difference, resulting in poor specificity. Therefore, MRI cannot be applied for initial diagnostic purposes in most diseases but should be reserved for staging, monitoring of therapy, and detection of disease recurrence after treatment. Diffuse infiltrative disease occurring at the hematopoietically active bone marrow, the vertebrae, pelvis, and femora should be areas included in imaging studies at a minimum if whole-body imaging cannot be applied. In this article, in-depth information is provided on selected topics, including Gaucher's disease, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and changes in bone marrow after different medication strategies, with overviews of the field provided by multiple recent papers in the literature.

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MR Imaging of the Spinal Bone Marrow

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine of Six Dogs Diagnosed With Lymphoma

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine of Six Dogs Diagnosed With Lymphoma

Application of High-Resolution¹H MAS NMR Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Intact Bones from Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation

Diffuse Marrow Changes

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MR Imaging of the Spinal Bone Marrow

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine of Six Dogs Diagnosed With Lymphoma

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine of Six Dogs Diagnosed With Lymphoma

Application of High-Resolution1H MAS NMR Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Intact Bones from Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation

Diffuse Marrow Changes

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Application of High-Resolution¹H MAS NMR Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Intact Bones from Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation