MR‐microscopic visualization of anisotropic internal cartilage structures using the magic angle technique

Gründer, Wilfried; Wagner, M.; Werner, Annett

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390307

Cited by 122 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The current consensus favors a correlation between the number of MRI visible zones and orientation of collagen fibrils within the network. This has been clearly demonstrated by means of ultrastructural techniques or polarized light microscopy (PLM) (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)). An example of this correlation is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Verification Of Collageneous Network Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4(a)]. In the trilaminar case, often a small superficial lamina of low intensity, a middle transitional zone of intermediate intensity, and a deep zone of low intensity was observed (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(19)(20)(21)(22). However, a high/low/high intensity pattern was also observed (23).…”

Section: Age-dependence Of Collageneous Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous MRI studies have demonstrated that the MRI appearance of cartilage depends on the orientation with respect to the external magnetic field B 0 (2,9,12,22,28). Figure 6 shows the influence of the orientation of the normal axis of cartilage surface on the MRI visualization of an adult human femoral cartilage.…”

Section: Orientation Dependence Of the Mri Visualization Of Joint Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The orientation effect is based on the T 2 relaxation dominated by the anisotropic dipolar interaction of water molecules. This anisotropy is defined by the collagen network structure (12,22).…”

Section: Orientation Dependence Of the Mri Visualization Of Joint Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI assessment of cartilage ultrastructure

Gründer¹

2006

NMR in Biomedicine

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121

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In T 2 -weighted MRI images joint cartilage can appear laminated. The multilaminar appearance is visualized as zones of different intensity. This appearance is based on the dipolar interaction of water molecules within cartilage zones of different collageneous network structures. Therefore, the MR visualization of zones of anisotropic arrangement of the collagen fibers depends upon their orientation to the static magnetic field (magic-angle effect). The aim of this article is to demonstrate the potential of high-resolution MRI for characterizing cartilage network structuring and biomechanical properties. Information equivalent to that from polarization light microscopy can be derived noninvasively. Based on NMR microscopic (mMRI) data, potential new possibilities of MRI for quantitative assessment of collagen structuring and intracartilagenous load distribution are presented. These methods use MR intensity angle dependence and load influence on cartilage visualization. Alternatively to the determination of mechanical parameters from cartilage deformation, it is demonstrated that stress distribution and biomechanical properties can be derived in principle from the local intensity variation of anisotropic fiber orientation zones. The limitations with respect to a clinical application of the proposed methods are discussed.

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Section: Verification Of Collageneous Network Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age-dependence Of Collageneous Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orientation Dependence Of the Mri Visualization Of Joint Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orientation Dependence Of the Mri Visualization Of Joint Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI assessment of cartilage ultrastructure

Gründer¹

2006

NMR in Biomedicine

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121

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“…In such cases, the dipolar interaction between the two water protons has a non-zero average, rendering its T 2 orientation dependent. Indeed, the T 2 -weighted images of articular cartilage (11)(12)(13)(14) exhibit several laminae corresponding to the different histological zones of articular cartilage (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Moreover, these images depend on the orientation of the cartilage relative to the magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multinuclear NMR and microscopic MRI studies of the articular cartilage nanostructure

Shinar

Navon

2006

NMR in Biomedicine

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Studies of the structure of articular cartilage by a number of NMR spectroscopic and imaging techniques are reviewed. Advantage is taken of the fact that the NMR investigations can be done non-invasively on the intact tissue and do not require sectioning, slicing and decalcification as in the case of electron microscopy. The different contributions to 1 H T 2 relaxation are described and it is pointed out that ignoring the biexponential behavior of the transverse relaxation can lead to serious errors in the proton density measurements and the T 2 characterization of the articular cartilage. A way to slow the transverse relaxation and to minimize its angular dependence by the use of dipolar echo is described. 2 H double quantum filtered spectroscopic MRI is a powerful technique to follow the orientation and density of the collagen fibers in articular cartilage. Using this technique, it was found that attachment of the cartilage to the bone has a stabilizing effect on the collagen matrix and that the hydroxyapatite in the calcified zone resides near the collagen fibers but does not contribute to their order. In response to mechanical pressure, it was shown that the collagen fibers flatten near the surface and become crimped near the bone. A number of NMR techniques have been described for the measurement of 23 Na residual quadrupolar interaction. It was found that this can serve as a very sensitive measure of the depletion of proteoglycans. Finally, a combination of the above techniques was used to study a maturation of articular cartilage in pigs. The increased order and density of the collagen fibers from newborn to adult pigs revealed itself as a shortening of T 2 and significant increase of the residual quadrupolar interaction of both 2 H and 23 Na nuclei.

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Correlation of laminated MR appearance of articular cartilage with histology, ascertained by artificial landmarks on the cartilage

Kim

Suh

Jeong

et al. 1999

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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The object of this study was to correlate the laminae of articular cartilage on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with histologic layers. T1-and fast spin-echo T2-weighted images of articular cartilage with artificial landmarks were obtained under high gradient echo strength (25 mT/m) conditions and a voxel size of 78 ؋ 156 ؋ 2000 m. Images were also obtained with a) changed frequency-encoding directions; b) changed readout gradient strength; and c) a varied number of phase-encoding steps. T2 mapping was performed with angular variations. Artificial landmarks allowed accurate comparison between the laminae on MR images and the histologic zones. No alterations of the laminae were noted by changing the frequency gradient direction. Altering readout gradient strengths did not show a difference in the thickness of the laminae, and increasing the phase-encoding steps resulted in a more distinct laminated appearance, ruling out chemical shift, susceptibility, and truncation artifacts. The T2 mapping profile showed an anisotropic angular dependency from the magic angle effect. In conclusion, the laminated appearance of articular cartilage on spin-echo and fast spin-echo MR images correlated with the histologic zones rather than MR artifacts.

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MR‐microscopic visualization of anisotropic internal cartilage structures using the magic angle technique

Cited by 122 publications

References 10 publications

MRI assessment of cartilage ultrastructure

MRI assessment of cartilage ultrastructure

Multinuclear NMR and microscopic MRI studies of the articular cartilage nanostructure

Correlation of laminated MR appearance of articular cartilage with histology, ascertained by artificial landmarks on the cartilage

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