MR Phase-Shift Velocity Mapping of Mitral and Pulmonary Venous Flow

Magnetic Resonance Measurement of Pulmonary Venous Flow and Distensibility

“…The velocity of blood flow in the pulmonary veins can often be measured noninvasively using Doppler echocardiography, but while velocity measurement alone is useful, it is preferable to measure flow directly. measured by this technique [27] was shown to be compa rable with transoesophageal Doppler échocardiographie measurement [22,25], The pattern of flow seen with mag netic resonance imaging was also shown to be similar to that measured using other invasive and non-invasive methods. In addition this method has been extensively validated and has demonstrated that magnetic resonance flow measurements in the aorta and pulmonary artery agree well with each other and with left and right ventricu lar stroke volumes in normal subjects [13][14][15].…”

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Valvular Heart Disease

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In patients with mitral stenosis, inflow velocities as assessed by Doppler echocardiography and CMR phasecontrast imaging correlate well (Table 3). 23,[32][33][34][35][36][37] If not stated in the publication, statistics were calculated from the data provided in the manuscript. If this was not performed or data were not provided, a designation of "not available" (...) was given.…”

“…These comparisons are most appropriate when measurements based on similar concepts are compared (Tables 2 and 3). [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] For evaluation of mitral stenosis, 2 methods are commonly used to determine valve area: planimetry and pressure halftime. 39 A trend can be identified for CMR to overestimate the If not stated in the publication, statistics were calculated from the data provided in the manuscript.…”

“…23,[32][33][34][35][36][37] Planimetry of the mitral valve is a well-validated echocardiographic approach, because anatomy of the stenotic mitral valve results in a planar elliptical orifice in diastole. 39 To find the minimal mitral or aortic valve orifice on CMR images, thin (preferably 4 mm or less) overlapping slices are used as opposed to the usual 6-to 8-mm slices used for ventricular imaging.…”

Cardiac Function

“…32). Similar measurements can be performed by phasecontrast MRI (Mohiaddin et al 1990(Mohiaddin et al , 1991Mostbeck et al 1993;Galjee et al 1995;Kroft and de Roos 1999). An advantage of MRI over Doppler echocardiography is that MRI can quantify the flow through the entire valve area or vessel, in contrast to Doppler imaging, where flow and flow velocity are measured in a relatively small area of interest.…”