MR-Spectroscopy of GABA and Glutamate/Glutamine Concentrations in Auditory Cortex in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Individuals

Grent-‘t-Jong, Tineke; Gajwani, Ruchika; Groß, Joachim; Gumley, Andrew; Lawrie, Stephen M.; Schwannauer, Matthias; Schultze‐Lutter, Frauke; Williams, S. R.; Uhlhaas, Peter J.

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859322

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(75 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The use of Glx/GABA+ as a proxy measure of E/I neurotransmission is supported by a study that observed a regional balance between Glx and GABA+ at 3T (Steel et al, 2020). Further, the Glx/GABA+ ratio has been employed in prior studies of visual (Takei et al, 2016; L. Zhang et al, 2020), cingulate (Bezalel et al, 2019), frontal (Liu et al, 2015) and auditory cortex (Grent-’t-Jong et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the Glx/GABA+ ratio has been employed in prior studies of visual (Takei et al, 2016;L. Zhang et al, 2020), cingulate (Bezalel et al, 2019), frontal (Liu et al, 2015) and auditory cortex (Grent-'t-Jong et al, 2022).…”

Section: Mrs Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we filled this gap: we assessed Glutamate/Glutamine (Glx) and Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA+) concentrations using the MEGA-PRESS sequence (Mescher et al, 1998) in individuals whose sight had been restored, on average, after 12 years of congenital blindness. The ratio of Glx/GABA+ concentration was used as a proxy for the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory neurotransmission (Grent-’t-Jong et al, 2022; Liu et al, 2015; Steel et al, 2020; Takei et al, 2016; L. Zhang et al, 2020). Ten congenital cataract-reversal individuals were compared to age-matched, normally sighted controls at rest, both with eyes open and with eyes closed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Altered visual cortex excitatory/inhibitory ratio following transient congenital visual deprivation in humans

Pant,

Pitchaimuthu,

Ossandón

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-human animal models have indicated that the ratio of excitation to inhibition (E/I) in neural circuits is experience dependent, and changes across development. Here, we assessed 3T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) markers of cortical E/I ratio in ten individuals who had been treated for dense bilateral congenital cataracts, after an average of 12 years of blindness, to test for dependence on early visual experience. First, participants underwent MRS scanning at rest with their eyes opened and eyes closed, to obtain visual cortex Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA+) concentration, Glutamate/Glutamine (Glx) concentration, and the concentration ratio of Glx/GABA+, as measures of inhibition, excitation, and E/I ratio respectively. Subsequently, EEG was recorded to assess aperiodic activity (1-20 Hz) as a neurophysiological measure of the cortical E/I ratio, during rest with eyes open and eyes closed, and during flickering stimulation. Across conditions, sight recovery individuals demonstrated a significantly lower visual cortex Glx/GABA+ ratio, and a higher intercept and steeper aperiodic slope at occipital electrodes, compared to age-matched sighted controls. In the sight recovery group, a lower Glx/GABA+ ratio was associated with better visual acuity, and Glx concentration correlated positively with the aperiodic intercept in the conditions with visual input. We interpret these findings as resulting from an increased E/I ratio of the visual cortex as a consequence of congenital blindness, which required commensurately increased inhibition after restored visual input provided additional excitation.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mrs Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Altered visual cortex excitatory/inhibitory ratio following transient congenital visual deprivation in humans

Pant,

Pitchaimuthu,

Ossandón

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In healthy functioning neurotypical individuals, the mechanism of efficient information transfer in neural circuits relies upon a balance of cortical inhibition and excitation (Haider et al, 2006). An interplay between the inhibitory GABAergic interneurons and the excitatory Glutamatergic synapses achieves inhibitory and excitation balance (Grent-'t-Jong et al, 2022;Whittington et al, 1995).…”

Section: Chapter 3: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Video Game Use A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

To Play or Not to Play: An Investigation Into The Effect of Video Game Use on Executive Functions

Hipkiss

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Findings in experimental psychology research suggest that individuals who engage in video game play outperform those who do not play video games on a range of cognitions, in particular visual selective attention. It was predicted that the source of the differences observed in video game players (VGP) compared to non-video game players (NVGP) is the result of additional executive function resources. Findings suggest that only when the task is sufficiently demanding are the additional attentional and executive function resources in VGP observable compared to NVGP. Across three experimental paradigms, the executive functions of VGP were compared to those of NVGP. In Experiments One and Two, a hybrid response inhibition task was used to assess the response inhibition performance in the subcomponents of action cancellation, action withholding, and interference resolution in VGP compared to NVGP. In Experiment Two, measures of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and glutamine were recorded using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In Experiment One, VGP significantly outperformed NVGP in measures of action cancellation and interference resolution, but the HRIT failed to measure action withholding. In Experiment Two, the results of Experiment One were not replicated, and there was no significant difference between VGP and NVGP in the subcomponents of response inhibition. A combined analysis of participants in Experiments One and Two replicated the effects observed in Experiment One, VGP outperformed NVGP on measures of interference resolution and action withholding. In Experiment Three, the ability to sustain attention was assessed using a continuous performance task with manipulations of cognitive load. The aim was to elucidate the inconsistent results observed in Experiments One and Two by manipulating cognitive load to allow observation of the increased executive function resources in VGP. The results of Experiment Three showed no significant difference between VGP and NVGP in metrics of sustained attention performance. Moreover, there was no difference between groups in their ability to sustain attention regardless of cognitive load. This thesis emphasises the potential for video game use to train and improve executive function capabilities, but that findings and directions for future research are constrained by methodological and theoretical limitations.

show abstract

Identify Potential Causal Relationships Between Cortical Thickness, Mismatch Negativity, Neurocognition, and Psychosocial Functioning in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients

Li,

Wei,

Wang

et al. 2024

Schizophrenia Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cortical thickness (CT) alterations, mismatch negativity (MMN) reductions, and cognitive deficits are robust findings in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, most studies focused on medicated patients, leaving gaps in our understanding of the interrelationships between CT, MMN, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in unmedicated FEP. This study aimed to employ multiple mediation analysis to investigate potential pathways among these variables in unmedicated drug-naïve FEP. Methods We enrolled 28 drug-naïve FEP and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical symptoms, neurocognition, psychosocial functioning, auditory duration MMN, and T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. We measured CT in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a primary MMN-generating region. Results We found a significant negative correlation between MMN amplitude and bilateral CT of STG (CT_STG) in FEP (left: r = −.709, P < .001; right: r = −.612, P = .008). Multiple mediation models revealed that a thinner left STG cortex affected functioning through both direct (24.66%) and indirect effects (75.34%). In contrast, the effects of the right CT_STG on functioning were mainly mediated through MMN and neurocognitive pathways. Conclusions Bilateral CT_STG showed significant association with MMN, and MMN plays a mediating role between CT and cognition. Both MMN alone and its interaction with cognition mediated the effects of structural alterations on psychosocial function. The decline in overall function in FEP may stem from decreased CT_STG, leading to subsequent MMN deficits and neurocognitive dysfunction. These findings underline the crucial role of MMN in elucidating how subtle structural alterations can impact neurocognition and psychosocial function in FEP.

show abstract

MR-Spectroscopy of GABA and Glutamate/Glutamine Concentrations in Auditory Cortex in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Individuals

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

Altered visual cortex excitatory/inhibitory ratio following transient congenital visual deprivation in humans

Altered visual cortex excitatory/inhibitory ratio following transient congenital visual deprivation in humans

To Play or Not to Play: An Investigation Into The Effect of Video Game Use on Executive Functions

Identify Potential Causal Relationships Between Cortical Thickness, Mismatch Negativity, Neurocognition, and Psychosocial Functioning in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About