Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important technique that allows detailed visualisation of the bile and pancreatic ducts. ERCPs are indicated for persistent abdominal pain and malignancies obstructing the pancreatic and bile ducts. This article critically analyses the care given to a patient who underwent an ERCP. It demonstrates specialist nursing considerations by explaining the ERCP technique and the indications for this procedure, as well as discusses alternative diagnostic examinations and the introduction of propofol sedation. The article also explores the current practices in caring for patients undergoing an ERCP by critically analysing the literature that promotes best practice and identifying therapeutic techniques and the equipment used.