MRI biomarkers for memory-related impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Ghaderi, Sadegh; Fatehi, Farzad; Kalra, Sanjay; Batouli, Seyed Amir Hossein

doi:10.1080/21678421.2023.2236651

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects both upper and lower motor neurons (UMN and LMN), leading to progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, and death (Bhattarai et al, 2022 ; Ghaderi et al, 2023a ; Marshall et al, 2023 ; Mohammadi and Ghaderi, 2023 ). ALS is affected by motor and extra-motor neurodegeneration (Ragagnin et al, 2019 ; Rojas et al, 2020 ; Reyes-Leiva et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron quantification in basal ganglia using quantitative susceptibility mapping in a patient with ALS: a case report and literature review

Ghaderi,

Batouli,

Mohammadi

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can measure the magnetic susceptibility of tissues, which can reflect their iron content. QSM has been used to detect iron accumulation in cortical and subcortical brain regions. However, its application in subcortical regions such as the basal ganglia, particularly the putamen, is rare in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Case presentation and literature reviewWe present the case of a 40-year-old male patient with ALS who underwent an MRI for QSM. We compared his QSM images with those of a control subject and performed a quantitative analysis of the magnetic susceptibility values in the putamen regions. We also reviewed the literature on previous QSM studies in ALS and summarized their methods and findings. Our QSM analysis revealed increased magnetic susceptibility values in the bilateral putamen of the ALS patient compared to controls, indicating iron overload. This finding is consistent with previous studies reporting iron dysregulation in subcortical nuclei in ALS. We also discussed the QSM processing techniques used in our study and in the literature, highlighting their advantages and limitations.ConclusionThis case report demonstrates the potential of QSM as a sensitive MRI biomarker for evaluating iron levels in subcortical regions of ALS patients. QSM can provide quantitative information on iron deposition patterns in both motor and extra-motor areas of ALS patients, which may help understand the pathophysiology of ALS and monitor disease progression. Further studies with larger samples are needed to validate these results and explore the clinical implications of QSM in ALS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron quantification in basal ganglia using quantitative susceptibility mapping in a patient with ALS: a case report and literature review

Ghaderi,

Batouli,

Mohammadi

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease (MND) and a progressive motor and extra‐motor neurodegenerative disease 1 . Although primarily affecting motor functions, ALS also leads to cognitive and behavioral changes, including memory impairment, executive dysfunction, emotional and learning alterations, and language deficits associated with the dysfunction of specific brain regions 2,3 . One of the specific regions involved in these functions is the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, which play a crucial role in memory and learning processes and are affected in ALS 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of hippocampal and parahippocampal regions affected by ALS: A systematic review

Mohammadi,

Ghaderi,

Fatehi

2024

CNS Neurosci Ther

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Background and ObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor and extra‐motor neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review aimed to examine MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions in patients with ALS.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in the Scopus and PubMed databases for studies published between January 2000 and July 2023. The inclusion criteria were (1) MRI studies to assess hippocampal and parahippocampal regions in ALS patients, and (2) studies reporting neuropsychological data in patients with ALS.ResultsA total of 46 studies were included. Structural MRI revealed hippocampal atrophy, especially in ALS‐FTD, involving specific subregions (CA1, dentate gyrus). Disease progression and genetic factors impacted atrophy patterns. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed increased mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the hippocampal tracts and adjacent regions, indicating loss of neuronal and white matter integrity. Functional MRI (fMRI) revealed reduced functional connectivity (FC) between the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and other regions, suggesting disrupted networks. Perfusion MRI showed hypoperfusion in parahippocampal gyri. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) found changes in the hippocampus, indicating neuronal loss. Neuropsychological tests showed associations between poorer memory and hippocampal atrophy or connectivity changes. CA1‐2, dentate gyrus, and fimbria atrophy were correlated with worse memory.ConclusionsThe hippocampus and the connected regions are involved in ALS. Hippocampal atrophy disrupted connectivity and metabolite changes correlate with cognitive and functional decline. Specific subregions can be particularly affected. The hippocampus is a potential biomarker for disease monitoring and prognosis.

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“…The structure and volume of the PUT can be altered in various neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions [ 47 , 48 ], including PD [ 48 ], AD [ 49 , 50 ], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [ 51 , 52 ], obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [ 53 , 54 ], and major depressive disorder (MDD) [ 55 ]. Parkinsonian Syndromes are notably associated with elevated iron concentration in the deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei [ [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism syndromes: Evaluating iron deposition in the putamen using magnetic susceptibility MRI techniques - A systematic review and literature analysis

Mohammadi,

Ghaderi

2024

Heliyon

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MRI biomarkers for memory-related impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Iron quantification in basal ganglia using quantitative susceptibility mapping in a patient with ALS: a case report and literature review

Iron quantification in basal ganglia using quantitative susceptibility mapping in a patient with ALS: a case report and literature review

MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of hippocampal and parahippocampal regions affected by ALS: A systematic review

Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism syndromes: Evaluating iron deposition in the putamen using magnetic susceptibility MRI techniques - A systematic review and literature analysis

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