MRI of ischemic stroke in canines: Applications for monitoring intraarterial thrombolysis

Harris, Ashley D.; Kosior, Jayme C.; Ryder, Ronda C.; Andersen, Linda; Hu, William; Hudon, Mark E.; Morrish, William; Sevick, Robert J.; Wong, John H.; Frayne, Richard

doi:10.1002/jmri.21189

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…7 The mean ADC values of the two acute nonhemorrhagic infarcts and one chronic nonhemorrhagic infarct in clinical dogs are consistent with those reported in humans, experimental canine models and unconfirmed clinical canine cases. 21,22,[24][25][26][27] ADC values decline rapidly after the onset of ischemia. [24][25][26][27][28] The two dogs with an acute nonhemorrhagic infarct had low mean ADC values in the study (0.67 Â 10 À3 and 0.68 Â 10 À3 mm 2 /s).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22,[24][25][26][27] ADC values decline rapidly after the onset of ischemia. [24][25][26][27][28] The two dogs with an acute nonhemorrhagic infarct had low mean ADC values in the study (0.67 Â 10 À3 and 0.68 Â 10 À3 mm 2 /s). This restriction in diffusion is thought to be the result of cytotoxic edema; where water is redistributed from the extracellular to the intracellular space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparent Diffusion Coefficients for Histologically Confirmed Intracranial Lesions in Dogs

Sutherland‐Smith

King

Faissler

et al. 2010

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Diffusion-weighted imaging is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique that is well established in the diagnosis of nonhemorrhagic infarction in people. However, recent investigations into intracranial neoplastic and inflammatory disease in people have identified variable and overlapping results. In this retrospective study of 37 dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial disease, we investigated whether histogram analysis of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) can differentiate specific disease processes. Disease categories included: meningiomas, glial cell tumors, choroid plexus tumors, pituitary tumors, inflammatory brain diseases, acute nonhemorrhagic infarcts, chronic nonhemorrhagic infarcts, and hemorrhagic infarcts. A wide range of ADC value distributions were identified within the disease groups, and there were overlapping ADC values between most groups. Low ADC values indicating restricted diffusion of water were identified in acute nonhemorrhagic infarcts as expected, but were also seen in meningiomas, glial cell tumors, and granulomatous meningoencephalitis. Based on this preliminary data it is unlikely that singular quantitative ADC values can be used to determine the histological type of canine intracranial disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparent Diffusion Coefficients for Histologically Confirmed Intracranial Lesions in Dogs

Sutherland‐Smith

King

Faissler

et al. 2010

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…IA injection of contrast agents is rarely performed in humans, although, similar to DSA X-ray, it allows highly selective angiographic visualization. There have been demonstrations of IA contrast enhancement in animals (78,(147)(148)(149) and humans (150,151).…”

Section: Contrast Enhanced (Ce) Mr Angiography (Mra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrovascular MRI: a review of state‐of‐the‐art approaches, methods and techniques

MacDonald

Frayne

2015

NMR in Biomedicine

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Cerebrovascular imaging is of great interest in the understanding of neurological disease. MRI is a non-invasive technology that can visualize and provide information on: (i) the structure of major blood vessels; (ii) the blood flow velocity in these vessels; and (iii) the microcirculation, including the assessment of brain perfusion. Although other medical imaging modalities can also interrogate the cerebrovascular system, MR provides a comprehensive assessment, as it can acquire many different structural and functional image contrasts whilst maintaining a high level of patient comfort and acceptance. The extent of examination is limited only by the practicalities of patient tolerance or clinical scheduling limitations. Currently, MRI methods can provide a range of metrics related to the cerebral vasculature, including: (i) major vessel anatomy via time-of-flight and contrast-enhanced imaging; (ii) blood flow velocity via phase contrast imaging; (iii) major vessel anatomy and tissue perfusion via arterial spin labeling and dynamic bolus passage approaches; and (iv) venography via susceptibility-based imaging. When designing an MRI protocol for patients with suspected cerebral vascular abnormalities, it is appropriate to have a complete understanding of when to use each of the available techniques in the 'MR angiography toolkit'. In this review article, we: (i) overview the relevant anatomy, common pathologies and alternative imaging modalities; (ii) describe the physical principles and implementations of the above listed methods; (iii) provide guidance on the selection of acquisition parameters; and (iv) describe the existing and potential applications of MRI to the cerebral vasculature and diseases. The focus of this review is on obtaining an understanding through the application of advanced MRI methodology of both normal and abnormal blood flow in the cerebrovascular arteries, capillaries and veins.

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“…Despite the amount of data available in human medicine, few reports in veterinary medicine have been published, with most available studies using animals as a model of disease. Examples include canine studies of ischemic stroke (25) and brain changes secondary to cardiac arrest (26). Within the veterinary literature, to the authors’ knowledge, in addition to the previously mentioned DCE-MRI study, two descriptive reviews are available for vascular and perfusion imaging in the canine brain, with no protocol details (27, 28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol of the Normal Canine Brain

2017

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Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically dynamic susceptibility MRI (DSC-MRI) is routinely performed as a supplement to conventional MRI in human medicine for patients with intracranial neoplasia and cerebrovascular events. There is minimal data on the use of DSC-MRI in veterinary patients and a DSC-MRI protocol in the veterinary patient has not been described. Sixteen normal dogs, 6 years or older were recruited for this study. The sample population included 11 large dogs (>11 kg) and 5 small dogs (<11 kg). DSC-MRI was performed on a 1.5-T MRI using an adjusted protocol inherent to the MRI. Contrast media was injected using an automatic power injector. Injections were made after five MR measurements were obtained. Following image acquisition, an arterial input function (AIF) graph mapping the transit time of contrast within the cerebral arteries was generated. The manually selected time points along this graph were used to compute perfusion maps. A dose and rate of 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast media at 3 ml/s followed by 10 ml saline flush at 3 ml/s was used in all dogs greater than 11 kg. In all dogs >11 kg, a useable AIF and perfusion map was generated. One dog less than 11 kg received the same contrast dose and rate. In this patient, the protocol did not generate a useable AIF. The remainder of the dogs less than 11 kg followed a protocol of 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast media at 1.5 ml/s with a 10 ml saline flush at 1.5 ml/s. A useable AIF and perfusion map was generated in the remaining dogs <11 kg using the higher contrast dose and slower rate protocol. This study establishes a contrast dose and administration rate for canine DSC-MRI imaging that is different in dogs greater than 11 kg compared to dogs less than 11 kg. These protocols may be used for future applications to evaluate hemodynamic disturbances in canine intracranial pathology.

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MRI of ischemic stroke in canines: Applications for monitoring intraarterial thrombolysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparent Diffusion Coefficients for Histologically Confirmed Intracranial Lesions in Dogs

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparent Diffusion Coefficients for Histologically Confirmed Intracranial Lesions in Dogs

Cerebrovascular MRI: a review of state‐of‐the‐art approaches, methods and techniques

Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol of the Normal Canine Brain

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