MRI of posterior eye shape and its associations with myopia and ethnicity

Lim, Laurence Shen; Matsumura, Saiko; Htoon, Hla Myint; Tian, James; Lim, Shin Bin; Sensaki, Sonoko; Chen, Christopher; Hilal, Saima; Wong, Tien Yin; Cheng, Ching Yu; Kuo, Anthony N.; Saw, Seang Mei

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315020

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A more hyperopic relative peripheral refraction in both the horizontal and vertical retina was observed in the high myopic eyes compared to the emmetropic eyes, which is consistent with the previous studies [10,28]. Peripheral hyperopic refraction is considered to be responsible for myopia development in a number of animal models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between relative peripheral refraction and retinal shape by 2-D magnetic resonance imaging in high myopes. Thirty-five young adults aged 20 to 30 years participated in this study with 16 high myopes (spherical equivalent < −6.00 D) and 19 emmetropes (+0.50 to −0.50 D). An open field autorefractor was used to measure refractions from the center out to 60° in the horizontal meridian and out to around 20° in the vertical meridian, with a step of 3 degrees. Axial length was measured by using A-scan ultrasonography. In addition, images of axial, sagittal, and tangential sections were obtained using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging. The highly myopic group had a significantly relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular shape compared to the emmetropic group. The highly myopic group had relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular form. Significant differences in the ratios of height/axial (1.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.94 ± 0.03) and width/axial (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 0.93 ± 0.04) were found from the MRI images between the emmetropic and the highly myopic eyes (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the retina’s curvature and relative peripheral refraction for both temporal (Pearson r = −0.459; p < 0.01) and nasal (Pearson r = −0.277; p = 0.011) retina. For the highly myopic eyes, the amount of peripheral hyperopic defocus is correlated to its ocular shape deformation. This could be the first study investigating the relationship between peripheral refraction and ocular dimension in high myopes, and it is hoped to provide useful knowledge of how the development of myopia changes human eye shape.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

et al. 2021

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“…Verkicharla et al 32 have reported that east Asians had steeper retinas than Caucasians, which might be related to more positive RPR. Lim et al 33 also found that Chinese eyes have fewer oblate shapes than Malay and Indian eyes, especially in non-myopic eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Two-Dimensional, High-Resolution Peripheral Refraction in Adults with Isomyopia and Anisomyopia

Wang

Lin

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the two-dimensional peripheral refraction in fellow eyes of patients with isomyopia and anisomyopia. METHODS. Sixty-eight young adults were recruited, including 25 isomyopes with interocular differences (IODs) of foveal refraction < 1.00 D and 43 anisomyopes with IOD > 1.50 D. Peripheral refraction across an area of the visual field of 60°× 36°with a resolution of 1°was measured using a custom-made Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. The retinal area was divided into 3 × 3 zones for comparison between the fellow eyes. RESULTS. There was no difference of refraction in all corresponding zones between the fellow eyes in the isomyopic group (all P > 0.05). The IODs between more myopic (MM) eyes and less myopic (LM) eyes in the anisomyopic group ranged from −1.40 to approximately −2.46 D (all P <0.001), which was flagged in the center and attenuated in peripheral zones by varied magnitudes. In the stratification analysis for different levels of anisomyopia, the nasal retina first presented significant relative hyperopic shifts compared to the center, followed by the temporal retina. In contrast, the superior and inferior periphery only differed from the center when the central IOD was greater than 3.00 D. CONCLUSIONS. The two-dimensional peripheral refraction patterns showed a mirror symmetry between the fellow eyes of a patient with isomyopia. However, in the anisomyopic group, peripheral refraction showed significantly relative hyperopic shift when compared with the center and developed with a varied rate in different areas. These findings may indicate an asymmetrical variation in the peripheral refraction patterns during myopia progression.

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“…Further, the presence of offset rendered demarcation of the LC insertion margin more complicated. Third, all of the participants were South Korean, and there may be ethnic differences in ONH morphology 35 . Further research may be required to validate the current ndings for different populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offset of Openings in Optic Nerve Head Canal at Level of Bruch’s Membrane, Anterior Sclera, and Lamina Cribrosa

Lee

Ahn

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We compared the central retinal vascular trunk (CRVT) position, as a surrogate of lamina cribrosa (LC) offset, with the anterior scleral opening (ASCO) offset from the Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO). Based on the BMO-centered radial scans, the BMO and ASCO margins were demarcated, and each center was determined as the center of the best-fitted ellipse for each margin. The ASCO/BMO offset was defined as the offset between each center. Angular deviations and the extent of ASCO and CRVT offsets from the BMO center were compared directly. Incomplete demarcation of ASCO was found in 20%, which was associated with a larger BMO area and a larger ASCO offset from the BMO. The angular deviation of ASCO offset was associated with that of CRVT offset and that of the longest externally oblique border. The ASCO offset was smaller than the CRVT offset, and, unlike the CRVT offset, it was rarely deviated to the inferior side. The complete ASCO margin might not be demarcateable when determined on BMO-centered radial scans in the presence of an offset. Also, the ASCO, which reflects only the superficial scleral layer, might not reflect the LC position, because the LC might be shifted further from the ASCO.

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MRI of posterior eye shape and its associations with myopia and ethnicity

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

Two-Dimensional, High-Resolution Peripheral Refraction in Adults with Isomyopia and Anisomyopia

Offset of Openings in Optic Nerve Head Canal at Level of Bruch’s Membrane, Anterior Sclera, and Lamina Cribrosa

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