MRI of the brain stem using fluid attenuated inversion recivery pulse sequences

Coene, B.; Hajnal, Joseph V.; Pennock, J. M.; Bydder, Graeme M.

doi:10.1007/bf00588360

Cited by 130 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both strongly suggest that most lesions including those with linear cortical distribution consist of a reversible demyelinating process. FLAIRis an MRItechnique that can clearly reveal lesions in the proximity to cerebrospinal fluid, such as cerebral cortical lesions (10). In the present patient this kind of MRI image was the most valuable for demonstrating the cortical …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: Reversible MRI Findings in Bilateral Cortical Lesions

2003

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A 70-year-old man who suffered from osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is presented. Dyspnea, pseudobulbar palsy and motor weakness were seen. MRI in the acute stage revealed focal abnormal high-signal lesions in the pons, thalamus and bilateral cortical areas on Tl-weighted and FLAIR images. With corticosteroid therapy he recovered from his dyspnea and severe pseudobulbar palsy, and the spastic quadriplegia gradually improved. One year later the brain lesions had disappeared on T1-, T2-weighted and FLAIR images. To detect the cortical or subcortical lesions in ODS, FLAIR imaging should be performed routinely. (Internal Medicine 42: 867-870, 2003)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: Reversible MRI Findings in Bilateral Cortical Lesions

2003

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“…[2]. The im provedconspicuityof brain lesionsenabled by long T2 relaxation times on FLAIR MR imaging has been reported [3][4][5]. Recently, the usefulness ofgadolinium-enhanced FLAIR MR imaging for revealingenhancement of brain le sions has beeninvestigated.Rydberg et al [6] described a Ti-weighted fast FLAIR sequence that has superior grayâ€"whitematter contrast and improved enhancing lesionâ€"background contrastin the brain comparedwith conven tional Tl-weighted spin-echo sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The six differentTl andT2 relaxation times were calculatedfor six differ ent gadoliniumconcentrations [9]. The voxel size, data sampling period, number of phase-encoding steps, number of excitations, and magnetic field strength wereassumed fixedandassigned acompos (3) ite value of one. Fmm the computer-generatedsignal intensities, enhancing lesion contrast (Sltmim @ matter) was calculatedas a functionof TE for the different CSF-nullingTliTR pairs (Fig.…”

Section: Other Investigators Have Advocatedgadolin Ium-enhanced Fast mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of optimized gadolinium-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in revealing lesions of the brain.

Melhem

Bert²,

Walker³

1998

American Journal of Roentgenology

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OBJECTIVE. The purposeof this studywas to comparethe contrastenhancement of le sions of the brain revealed by gadolinium-enhanced optimized fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR) MR imaging with that of lesionson gadolinium-enhanced optimized11-weighted spin-echo MR imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS.Using computer simulations,we optimized the fast FLAIR parameters (TR, Theff@and inversion time) and the Tl-weighted spin-echo parame ters (TR and TE) to provide maximum difference in signal intensity between enhancing le sions of the brain and white matter. Seventy-six consecutive patients referred for single-dose gadolinium-enhanced MR imagingof the brainunderwentbothoptimizedtechniques, which were matchedfor spatialresolution,bandwidth,and numberof excitations. The gadolinium enhanced fast FLAIR and Il-weighted spin-echo MR images were evaluated independently by two observers for number and size of enhancing lesions and for the degree of grayâ€"white matterdifferentiation. Contrast-to-noise ratioswere measuredfor enhancinglesions1.0 cm or larger in diameter using 8 x 8 pixel regions of interest in the enhancing lesions and normal white matter. RESULTS. The mostrevealingparameters for fastFLAIR MR imagingprovedto be a TR of 1500 msec,an inversiontime of 683 msec,anda TEeff 0f 16 msec.For Ti-weighted spin echo MR imaging, the optimized parameterswere a TR of 550 msec and a TE of 16 msec. In 28 patients, we saw enhancing lesions of the brain with at least one MR imaging technique. More lesionswere seenon the Ti-weighted spin-echosequence(n = 141) than on the fast FLAIR sequence (n = 94) (p < .03). Grayâ€"whitematter differentiation was significantly better on the fast FLAIR sequence(p < .001). Contrast-to-noise ratios of enhancing lesions were greater on the Ti-weighted spin-echo sequence (p < .001). CONCLUSION.In this study, optimized gadolinium-enhancedconventional Ti weightedspin-echoMR imaging provedsuperiorto gadolinium-enhanced fast FLAIR MR imaging in revealing lesions of the brain.

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“…Despite a longer scan time, better lesion conspicuity by 2D-FLAIR was expected, promising application to a wide range of diseases. 7 Single-shot echo planar imaging (ss-EPI)-based 2D-FLAIR was reported to shorten the scan time dramatically; however, image distortion and low spatial resolution limited its utility. 8 By utilization of a fast spin echo sequence, 2D-FLAIR came into routine clinical practice.…”

Section: D-flairmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Technical and Clinical Features of 3D-FLAIR in Neuroimaging

Naganawa

2015

magn reson med sci

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In clinical MR neuroimaging, 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) with a variable-flip-angle turbo spin echo sequence is becoming popular. There are more than 100 reports regarding 3D-FLAIR in the PubMed database. In this article, the technical and clinical features of 3D-FLAIR for neuroimaging are reviewed and summarized. 3D-FLAIR allows thinner slices with multi-planar reformation capability, a higher flow sensitivity, high sensitivity to subtle T 1 changes in fluid, images without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflow artifacts, and a 3D dataset compatible with computer-aided analysis. In addition, 3D-FLAIR can be obtained within a clinically reasonable scan time. It is important for radiologists to be familiar with the features of 3D-FLAIR and to provide useful information for patients.

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MRI of the brain stem using fluid attenuated inversion recivery pulse sequences

Cited by 130 publications

References 3 publications

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: Reversible MRI Findings in Bilateral Cortical Lesions

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: Reversible MRI Findings in Bilateral Cortical Lesions

Usefulness of optimized gadolinium-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in revealing lesions of the brain.

The Technical and Clinical Features of 3D-FLAIR in Neuroimaging

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