mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines—Facts and Hypotheses on Fragmentation and Encapsulation

Demongeot, Jacques; Fougère, Cécile

doi:10.3390/vaccines11010040

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Hence, for the USA and India, a minimum of the ID variable was impossible to individualize inside the endemic background noise. The future efforts in the direction of this research are vital for a future pandemic or emerging infectious disease preparation, because we believe that the research presented in this article could be relevant for new infectious case forecasting in order to deploy proper intervention and resources (as vaccination policies [ 48 ]) to fight the epidemic spread and, in a way, guide policy-making for public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the Endemic/Epidemic Transition in COVID-19 in Some Countries: Influence of the Vaccination

Waku,

Oshinubi,

Adam

et al. 2023

Diseases

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Objective: The objective of this article is to develop a robust method for forecasting the transition from endemic to epidemic phases in contagious diseases using COVID-19 as a case study. Methods: Seven indicators are proposed for detecting the endemic/epidemic transition: variation coefficient, entropy, dominant/subdominant spectral ratio, skewness, kurtosis, dispersion index and normality index. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) offers a score built from the seven proposed indicators as the first PCA component, and its forecasting performance is estimated from its ability to predict the entrance in the epidemic exponential growth phase. Results: This score is applied to the retro-prediction of endemic/epidemic transitions of COVID-19 outbreak in seven various countries for which the first PCA component has a good predicting power. Conclusion: This research offers a valuable tool for early epidemic detection, aiding in effective public health responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the Endemic/Epidemic Transition in COVID-19 in Some Countries: Influence of the Vaccination

Waku,

Oshinubi,

Adam

et al. 2023

Diseases

Self Cite

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“…This process is comparatively straightforward when compared to the bioengineering challenges associated with distinct proteins or peptides. For example, the sequence identification and optimization of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have been intensively explored [ 98 ]. Additionally, the mRNA-1653 vaccine exemplifies the capability of a single vaccine to simultaneously target two distinct pathogens.…”

Section: Manufacture and Safety Concerns For Lnp-mrna Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Therapeutic Applicability of LNP-mRNA: Chemistry, Formulation, and Clinical Strategies

Huang,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Research

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic modality, offering promising avenues for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. The tremendous success of mRNA vaccines in effectively combatting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) evidences the unlimited medical and therapeutic potential of mRNA technology. Overcoming challenges related to mRNA stability, immunogenicity, and precision targeting has been made possible by recent advancements in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). This review summarizes state-of-the-art LNP-mRNA-based therapeutics, including their structure, material compositions, design guidelines, and screening principles. Additionally, we highlight current preclinical and clinical trends in LNP-mRNA therapeutics in a broad range of treatments in ophthalmological conditions, cancer immunotherapy, gene editing, and rare-disease medicine. Particular attention is given to the translation and evolution of LNP-mRNA vaccines into a broader spectrum of therapeutics. We explore concerns in the aspects of inadequate extrahepatic targeting efficacy, elevated doses, safety concerns, and challenges of large-scale production procedures. This discussion may offer insights and perspectives on near- and long-term clinical development prospects for LNP-mRNA therapeutics.

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“…Similarly to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA, synthetic mRNAs exhibit quite unique behavior related to their chemical structure, nucleotide sequence, and formulation. Interestingly, their concentration, stability and distribution on tissues, organs and cells also occur through genome integration via L1 elements [61][62][63][64]. This reflects either the amount of vaccine mRNA delivered in a single dose, the presence of SNPs that may impair the IFN-a (major somatic cell antiviral defense mechanism) expression, or the defection of the antiviral RNA interfering mechanism ( RNAi) typical of multipotent and pluripotent SCs [65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Pluripotent Multipotent and Progenitor Adult Stem Cells The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long Covid-19 Syndrome the Spike Protein and Stem Cells, the Underrated Role of Retrotransposons, a Working Hypothesis

Balzanelli,

Distratis,

Lazzaro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was seen as a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicated that the spike protein could also be the cause of the long-term post-infectious conditions known as Long-COVID characterized by a group of unresponsive idiopathic severe neuro, cardio-vascular disorders, including strokes, cardiopathies, neuralgias, fibromyalgia, and Parkinson's like-disease. Different lines of pieces of evidence confirmed that the spike protein that can be found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus latches onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on target cells. The RNA genome of coronaviruses, which, has a median length of 29 kb and is the longest among all RNA viruses, is comprised of six to ten open reading frames (ORFs) that are responsible for encoding both the replicase and structural proteins for the virus. Each of the components of the viral genome is packaged into a helical nucleocapsid that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. The viral envelope of coronaviruses is typically made up of three proteins that include the membrane protein (M), the envelope protein (E), and the spike protein (S). The spike protein not only facilitates the virus entry into healthy cells, which is the first step in infection but also promote profound damage to different organs and tissues leading to severe impairments and long-term disabilities. Here, we discussed the pervasive mechanism that spikes mRNA adopted to alter multipotent and pluripotent stem cell (SCs) genomes and the acquired disability of generating an infinite number of affected clonal cells. This stance is based on the molecular and evolutionary aspects obtained from retrotransposons-retrotransposition in mammalians and humans that documented the frequent integration of mRNA molecules into genomes and thus into DNA. Retrotransposition is the molecular process in which transcribed and spliced mRNAs are accidentally reverse-transcribed and inserted into new genomic positions to form a retrogene. Sequence-specific traits of mRNA clearly showed long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) to confirm the retrotransposition, considered the most abundant autonomously active retrotransposons in the human genome. In mammals, L1 retrotransposons drive retrotransposition and are composed of long terminal repeats (LTRs) and non-LTR retrotransposons (mainly long interspersed nuclear elements or LINEs); specifically, the LTR-mediated retrocopies are immediately cotranscribed with their flanking LTR retrotransposons. In response to retrotransposons transposition, stem cells (SCs) employ a number of silencing mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. This manuscript theorizes the expression patterns, functions, and regulation of mRNA Spike protein imprinted by SCs retrotransposons which generate unlimited lines of affected cell progenies and tissues as the main condition of untreatable Spike-related inflammatory conditions.

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mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines—Facts and Hypotheses on Fragmentation and Encapsulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 187 publications

Forecasting the Endemic/Epidemic Transition in COVID-19 in Some Countries: Influence of the Vaccination

Forecasting the Endemic/Epidemic Transition in COVID-19 in Some Countries: Influence of the Vaccination

Unlocking the Therapeutic Applicability of LNP-mRNA: Chemistry, Formulation, and Clinical Strategies

The Long Covid-19 Syndrome the Spike Protein and Stem Cells, the Underrated Role of Retrotransposons, a Working Hypothesis

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