mRNA Therapies: New Hope in the Fight against Melanoma

Dülmen, Melissa van; Rentmeister, Andrea

doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00181

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The mRNA-4157 is another cancer vaccine from Moderna, but, unlike mRNA-5671, it is an individualized therapeutic vaccine against melanoma. In this approach, genetic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis is performed on a patient's tumor to identify 20 patient-specific neoantigen epitopes which are encoded by an mRNA construct manufactured for a single patient (National Cancer Institute, 2011;ClinicalTrials.gov, 2020a;van Dülmen and Rentmeister, 2020). Another example of the individualized cancer vaccine FIGURE 6 | Schematic showing the mechanism of action of conventional (BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines) and self-amplifying mRNA vaccines.…”

Section: Mrna As Replacement Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Limitless Future of RNA Therapeutics

Damase

Sukhovershin

Boada

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

395

350

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Recent advances in the generation, purification and cellular delivery of RNA have enabled development of RNA-based therapeutics for a broad array of applications. RNA therapeutics comprise a rapidly expanding category of drugs that will change the standard of care for many diseases and actualize personalized medicine. These drugs are cost effective, relatively simple to manufacture, and can target previously undruggable pathways. It is a disruptive therapeutic technology, as small biotech startups, as well as academic groups, can rapidly develop new and personalized RNA constructs. In this review we discuss general concepts of different classes of RNA-based therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNA. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the RNA-based therapies that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials or have already received regulatory approval. The challenges and advantages associated with use of RNA-based drugs are also discussed along with various approaches for RNA delivery. In addition, we introduce a new concept of hospital-based RNA therapeutics and share our experience with establishing such a platform at Houston Methodist Hospital.

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Section: Mrna As Replacement Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Limitless Future of RNA Therapeutics

Damase

Sukhovershin

Boada

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

395

350

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“…In addition to surgical treatment, other therapy options, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy are available. 131,132 The surgical treatment should be followed by other pharmacological therapy due to t high risk of cancer recurrence. 130,132 Some available therapies are focused on BRAF inhibition alone or combined with MEK inhibitors.…”

Section: Melanoma Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…131,132 The surgical treatment should be followed by other pharmacological therapy due to t high risk of cancer recurrence. 130,132 Some available therapies are focused on BRAF inhibition alone or combined with MEK inhibitors. 130,133 The available BRAF inhibitors are vemurafenib, encorafenib, and dabrafenib.…”

Section: Melanoma Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, some limitations need to be resolved such as making the industrial scale cost efficient and the sensibility to degradation trough manipulation which means low in vivo stability. 132 Some treatments that are proposed involve the use of nanocarriers as liposomes. The topical treatment of melanoma with BRAF-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) trapped into UDL, was tested in UACC-903 human melanoma cells.…”

Section: Melanoma Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Development, Characterization and Use of Liposomes as Amphipathic Transporters of Bioactive Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Reduction of Skin Inflammation: A Review</p>

Castañeda-Reyes

Perea-Flores

Dávila-Ortíz

et al. 2020

IJN

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The skin is the largest organ in the human body, providing a barrier to the external environment. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The most external epidermis is exposed to stress factors that may lead to skin conditions such as photo-aging and skin cancer. Some treatments for skin disease utilize the incorporation of drugs or bioactive compounds into nanocarriers known as liposomes. Liposomes are membranes whose sizes range from nano to micrometers and are composed mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol, forming similar structures to cell membranes. Thus, skin treatments with liposomes have lower toxicity in comparison to traditional treatment routes such as parenteral and oral. Furthermore, addition of edge activators to the liposomes decreases the rigidity of the bilayer structure making it deformable, thereby improving skin permeability. Liposomes are composed of an aqueous core and a lipidic bilayer, which confers their amphiphilic property. Thus, they can carry hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, even simultaneously. Current applications of these nanocarriers are mainly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. Nevertheless, new research has revealed promising results regarding the effectiveness of liposomes for transporting bioactive compounds through the skin. Liposomes have been well studied; however, additional research is needed on the efficacy of liposomes loaded with bioactive peptides for skin delivery. The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date description of existing techniques for the development of liposomes and their use as transporters of bioactive compounds in skin conditions such as melanoma and skin inflammation. Furthermore, to gain an understanding of the behavior of liposomes during the process of skin delivery of bioactive compounds into skin cells.

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“…They have been used to combat viruses like Zika, Ebola, and Influenza in the past, albeit in trials [1,2]. This technique has been used to target cancer cells [3] and other genetic disorders as well although this has been limited to the in vivo studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%