mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant transmission from home care cases to household contacts in South Korea

Park, Hanul; Park, Young-Joon; Lee, Sang Eun; Lee, Min Jei; Ahn, Hyungtae

doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0243

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This study confirmed, similar to previous findings, that the SAR of unvaccinated groups was higher than that of vaccinated groups during both the Delta and Omicron periods [ 14 , 16 ]. Other countries reported a risk of infection 1.4 to 2.5 times higher among unvaccinated groups [ 8 , 16 , 18 , 19 ], which agrees with a study that showed a higher risk of infection among unvaccinated Koreans [ 9 ]. Additionally, a study conducted in Spain reported that COVID-19 vaccination was effective during the Delta period [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Although a previous study investigated SARs in Korea by COVID-19 vaccination status, the result predated the Omicron period and did not analyze risk factors such as reinfection and age group [ 9 ]. The current study used the large datasets reported to the CIMS during the Delta and Omicron periods, identifying risk factors such as age group, vaccination status, and reinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Norway, the household contacts of Omicron variant cases showed a SAR 1.3 times higher than that of Delta variant cases [ 8 ]. A Korean study also demonstrated a SAR 1.08 times higher for the Omicron variant than for the Delta variant [ 9 ]. In this regard, the household SAR for specific SARS-CoV-2 variants can be a significant indicator for measuring characteristics of community transmission of COVID-19 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea

Lee

Kim

et al. 2023

PHRP

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Objectives: The household secondary attack rate (SAR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important indicator for community transmission. This study aimed to characterize transmission by comparing household SARs and identifying risk factors during the periods of Delta and Omicron variant predominance in Republic of Korea.Methods: We defined the period of Delta variant predominance (Delta period) as July 25, 2021 to January 15, 2022, and the period of Omicron variant predominance (Omicron period) as February 7 to September 3, 2022. The number of index cases included was 214,229 for the Delta period and 5,521,393 for the Omicron period. To identify the household SARs and risk factors for each period, logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).Results: The SAR was 35.2% for the Delta period and 43.1% for the Omicron period. The aOR of infection was higher in 2 groups, those aged 0 to 18 years and ≥75 years, compared to those aged 19 to 49 years. Unvaccinated individuals (vs. vaccinated individuals) and individuals experiencing initial infection (vs. individuals experiencing a second or third infection) had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: This study analyzed the household SARs and risk factors. We hope that the results can help develop age-specific immunization plans and responses to reduce the SAR in preparation for emerging infectious diseases or potential new variants of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea

Lee

Kim

et al. 2023

PHRP

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“…As suicidal ideation and planning are important predictors of suicide [ 43 ], appropriate monitoring and interventions are needed to prevent an increase in suicide rates due to prolonged COVID-19 measures. The incidence of COVID-19 is decreasing because of the development of vaccines and treatments [ 44 , 45 ]; however, problems associated with the after-effects of the disease are emerging [ 11 ]. Our findings can serve as a basis for formulating appropriate policies and government measures to protect Korean youth from the potential side-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that could impair the rest of their lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association mental health of adolescents with economic impact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2020 Korean nationally representative survey

Park

Lee

2023

BMC Public Health

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Background COVID-19 has affected innumerable aspects of life, including education, economy, and religion. Economic problems and inequality are associated with poor mental health in adolescents. This study aimed to identify the relationship between economic damage to families due to COVID-19 and various mental health problems in Korean adolescents and to evaluate the risk factors of mental health. Methods In total, 54,948 Korean adolescent students from 398 middle and 395 high schools were surveyed between August and November 2020. Complex sample logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depression and suicidal ideation, respectively. A generalized linear model analysis was used to examine the association between mental health (unhappiness, loneliness, and stress) and the economic impact of COVID-19. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, school grade, perceived academic achievement, perceived family economic status, and economic support. Results The ORs of depression (OR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.57–2.00), suicidal ideation (OR = 2.14, 95% CI:1.84–2.50), unhappiness (OR = 1.51 95% CI 1.42–1.60) and lonely (OR = 1.38 95% CI 1.27–1.49) for the low level of perceived family economic status was higher compared to middle level. Adolescents who experienced economic deterioration in their households as COVID-19 showed a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.42, 95% CI:1.35–1.49), suicide ideation (OR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.28–1.44), unhappiness (OR = 2.23 95% CI 2.19–2.27), lonely (OR = 1.20 95% CI 1.17–1.22), and stress (OR = 1.14 95% CI 1.12–1.16) than those who did not. Conclusions The findings revealed an association between the decline in household economic status due to COVID-19 and mental health problems, such as stress, loneliness, suicidal ideation, depression, and unhappiness.

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“…As of February 7, 2023, according to the Global In uenza Surveillance and Response System (GISAID), 7,458,737 Omicron genome sequences were shared by 209 countries, and the Omicron variant was reported to have triggered the fourth and fth waves of COVID-19 worldwide [4,5]. Vaccine effectiveness and vaccine effectiveness against transmission (VET) for Omicron mutations have been con rmed; but [6,7], COVID-19-con rmed cases and deaths continue to occur worldwide [3]. As of January 18, 2023, the number of cumulative global con rmed cases and deaths were 663,001,898 and 6,707,959, respectively, with a mortality rate of 84 per 100,000 and a fatality rate of 1.0% [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of mortality with vaccination and underlying disease among COVID-19 patients in long term care hospitals at Daegu and Gyeonsangbuk-do in Korea

Park

Choi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background This study aimed to estimate the effects of vaccine on reducing the mortality rate and the relationship between underlying diseases and death among long term care hospital residents during the Omicron epidemic. Methods This study included 2,507 inpatients at 18 long term care hospitals that experienced COVID-19 outbreaks more than twice in Daegu Metropolitan City and Gyeongsangbuk-do in Korea, from January 2022 to August 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants’ demographic characteristics and mortality, which were expressed as percentages (%). Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare mortality, and the crude risk ratio (cRR) and adjusted risk risk (aRR) were estimated. The analysis model was adjusted for sex, age, region, history of Paxlovid priscription, vaccine status, reinfection, and presence, type, and number of underlying diseases. Results In terms of vaccination status, the aRR in the group with < 90 days after the 3 doses was 0.20 (CI:0.09–0.45) and ≥ 90 days was 0.14 (CI:0.06–0.32), that in the group with < 90 days after 4 doses was 0.18 (CI:0.06–0.43), compared with the non-vaccinated group. The fatality rate in the group prescribed Paxlovid was higher than that in the non-prescribed group. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The aRR of hypothyroidism was 5.75 (CI:1.10–30.13) and that of COPD and asthma were 2.84 (CI:1.15–6.99), compared with the group that did not have each underlying disease. Conclusion We confirmed the preventive effects of vaccination on death and the high risk of death from hypothyroidism, COPD, and asthma in COVID-19-confirmed patients in long term care hospitals.

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mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant transmission from home care cases to household contacts in South Korea

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea

Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea

The association mental health of adolescents with economic impact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2020 Korean nationally representative survey

The association of mortality with vaccination and underlying disease among COVID-19 patients in long term care hospitals at Daegu and Gyeonsangbuk-do in Korea

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