MSMA and Pyrithiobac Effects on Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Development, Yield and Quality

Shankle, Mark W.; Hayes, Robert M.; Reich, V. H.; Mueller, Thomas C.

doi:10.1017/s004317450009367x

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Foliar injury observed after CGA-362622 was because of chlorosis with slight necrosis. However, injury observed after rates of 5 and 10 g/ha generally dissipated by 14 d. Pyrithiobac affected cotton similarly (Baldwin et al 1997;Shankle et al 1996). These data also suggest that cotton response to CGA-362622 is not cultivar dependent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Cotton Response to CGA-362622 Applied Alone and in Combination with Selected Insecticides

et al. 2005

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CGA-362622 has been registered for postemergence (POST) over-the-top or POST-directed application in cotton. Research was conducted during 1998 in Texas to determine potential cotton phytotoxicity after POST application of CGA-362622 alone and with the insecticides acephate, dicrotophos, azinphos methyl, oxamyl, thiamethoxam, dimethoate, and malathion and to determine the response of four cotton cultivars to CGA-362622 applied alone. CGA-362622 applied with malathion injured cotton more than either pesticide applied alone, and yield was reduced in one of four locations when the pesticides were applied in mixture compared with nontreated cotton. Pyrithiobac or CGA-362622 mixed with malathion injured cotton similarly. The other insecticides tank mixed with CGA-362622 generally did not adversely affect cotton. The cotton cultivars ‘Delta and Pine Land 50’, ‘Paymaster 1220’, ‘Paymaster 1220RR’, and ‘Stoneville 474’ responded similarly to CGA-362622 applied alone or with insecticides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Greater injury was observed under more intense irrigation regimes. Other studies indicate that one application of pyrithiobac applied POST OT does not adversely affect cotton yield or fiber quality (Shankle et al 1996;Smith et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton Response to CGA-362622 Applied Alone and in Combination with Selected Insecticides

et al. 2005

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“…Several herbicides can be applied postemergence (POST) over-the-top to control grass weeds without ad-versely affecting cotton (Byrd and York 1987). However, until recently, the only selective POST over-the-top herbicides registered in the United States for broadleaf weed control in nontransgenic cotton were fluometuron, disodium salt of methylarsonic acid, and monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA), which can delay crop maturity and reduce lint yield (Byrd and York 1987;Guthrie and York 1989;Shankle et al 1996). Therefore, any herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds and can be safely POST applied to early growth stages of cotton would be beneficial to growers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, any herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds and can be safely POST applied to early growth stages of cotton would be beneficial to growers. Pyrithiobac is the first POST selective herbicide under registration in Greece for control of broadleaf weeds in nontransgenic cotton (Anonymous 1993;Shankle et al 1996). It is a highly active herbicide with use rates ranging from 0.035 to 0.140 kg ai/ha (Anonymous 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pyrithiobac Application Rate and Timing on Weed Control and Cotton Yield in Greece¹

Kaloumenos¹,

Veletza²,

Papantoniou³

et al. 2005

Weed Technology

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Field experiments were conducted at four locations (Larissa, Halkidona, Thessaloniki, and Halastra) in Greece to evaluate weed and cotton response to various pyrithiobac rates applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), or postemergence (POST). Pyrithiobac applied PPI or PRE at 0.068, 0.102, or 0.136 kg ai/ha controlled black nightshade, pigweeds, and common purslane at Larissa. However, pyrithiobac applied PRE at Thessaloniki and Halkidona was more effective against black nightshade and pigweeds than pyrithiobac applied PPI. Pyrithiobac applied PPI or PRE at 0.068 or 0.102 kg/ha did not control common lambsquarters at Thessaloniki. Weed control with trifluralin plus fluometuron applied PPI and alachlor plus fluometuron applied PRE at Larissa was slightly lower than that obtained with pyrithiobac. At Halkidona, trifluralin plus fluometuron applied PPI and alachlor plus fluometuron applied PRE provided weed control similar to that obtained with pyrithiobac. But at Thessaloniki, these treatments provided better weed control than pyrithiobac. Furthermore, pyrithiobac applied early postemergence (EPOST), midpostemergence, or in sequential systems controlled black nightshade and pigweeds, but it resulted in fair to good control of common purslane, velvetleaf, and common cocklebur. None of the POST treatments controlled common lambsquarters. Fluometuron EPOST controlled black nightshade, common lambsquarters, and common purslane ≥70, 86, and 67%, respectively. Fluometuron EPOST did not control pigweeds, velvetleaf, and common cocklebur. Cotton treated with pyrithiobac, regardless of method of application, yielded similar to the weed-free control. Cotton treated with pyrithiobac PPI at the highest rate (0.136 kg/ ha) yielded less at Halkidona, although adverse effects after its application were not visually apparent. Yield of cotton treated with herbicides was similar, with no difference among treatments.

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“…However, cotton tolerance may depend on variety (Baldwin et al 1997) and prevailing growing conditions (Harrison et al 1996;Shankle et al 1996). Weed control with pyrithiobac is also influenced by growing conditions (Hurst 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Activity, adsorption, mobility, and field persistence of pyrithiobac in three soils

et al. 2005

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Petri dish bioassays, based on root response of corn grown in soil and perlite, were used to study the activity, adsorption, and leaching of pyrithiobac in a clay, loam, and a clay loam soils containing 2.3, 1.4, and 1.3% organic matter, respectively. Both bioassays indicated that activity of pyrithiobac (reduction of corn root length) increased with increasing herbicide concentration, but in a nonlinear manner, particularly at higher concentrations. Activity of pyrithiobac was similar in clay loam and loam soils, but was lower in clay soil. Adsorption distribution coefficients (K d) for the clay, loam, and clay loam soils were 0.56, 0.10, and 0.24, respectively. Pyrithiobac leached through all three soils, and biologically available herbicide was detected below 30 cm in all soils; however, the amount leached through the clay soil was lower than that leached through the other two soils. Field persistence of pyrithiobac applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), or postemergence (POST) at 68, 102, or 136 g ha−1 was similar in loam and clay loam soils, but was more persistent in clay soil. Pyrithiobac applied POST in clay and loam soils was more persistent than that applied PPI or PRE; however, in clay soil field persistence of POST pyrithiobac was similar with that applied PPI or PRE. Biologically available residues were not detected in 0- to 10-cm soil depth 120 d after any herbicide treatment applied either PPI or PRE in all soils, but this was not the case for pyrithiobac applied POST in the loam soil. Adsorption of pyrithiobac was very low in all three soils, and this was the reason for its increased mobility even below 30-cm depth in all soils. The field persistence of pyrithiobac was generally less than one growing season. However, some pyrithiobac may have moved deeper in the soil and could be harmful to rotational crops after plowing or through capillary movement upward.

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MSMA and Pyrithiobac Effects on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Development, Yield and Quality

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Cotton Response to CGA-362622 Applied Alone and in Combination with Selected Insecticides

Cotton Response to CGA-362622 Applied Alone and in Combination with Selected Insecticides

Influence of Pyrithiobac Application Rate and Timing on Weed Control and Cotton Yield in Greece¹

Activity, adsorption, mobility, and field persistence of pyrithiobac in three soils

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MSMA and Pyrithiobac Effects on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Development, Yield and Quality

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Cotton Response to CGA-362622 Applied Alone and in Combination with Selected Insecticides

Cotton Response to CGA-362622 Applied Alone and in Combination with Selected Insecticides

Influence of Pyrithiobac Application Rate and Timing on Weed Control and Cotton Yield in Greece1

Activity, adsorption, mobility, and field persistence of pyrithiobac in three soils

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Influence of Pyrithiobac Application Rate and Timing on Weed Control and Cotton Yield in Greece¹